quarta-feira, 28 de abril de 2010
O Papel do Empreendedor
Mais um Serviço de Utilidade Pública do Alex
terça-feira, 27 de abril de 2010
O Gráfico de Legolas
Gilberto Kloeckner me avisou e eu não acreditei: O gráfico de Legolas agora em escala mundial. Será que é uma versão de Equilíbrio Geral para quem não é economista?
(HT: Selva Brasilis)
sexta-feira, 23 de abril de 2010
Uma Pequena Mensagem de Otimismo
Se você, caro leitor, anda desanimado, cansado e nada dá certo, uma pequena dose de otimismo pode lhe fazer muito bem, pois tudo na vida é apenas uma questão de encará-la com a perspectiva correta: Tenha uma atitude mais positiva, assista ao vídeo acima e cante a canção!
Always Look on the Bright Side of Life (from Monty Python)
words and music by Eric Idle
Some things in life are bad
They can really make you mad
Other things just make you swear and curse.
When you're chewing on life's gristle
Don't grumble, give a whistle
And this'll help things turn out for the best...
And...always look on the bright side of life...
Always look on the light side of life...
If life seems jolly rotten
There's something you've forgotten
And that's to laugh and smile and dance and sing.
When you're feeling in the dumps
Don't be silly chumps
Just purse your lips and whistle - that's the thing.
And...always look on the bright side of life...
Always look on the light side of life...
For life is quite absurd
And death's the final word
You must always face the curtain with a bow.
Forget about your sin - give the audience a grin
Enjoy it - it's your last chance anyhow.
So always look on the bright side of death
Just before you draw your terminal breath
Life's a piece of shit
When you look at it
Life's a laugh and death's a joke, it's true.
You'll see it's all a show
Keep 'em laughing as you go
Just remember that the last laugh is on you.
And always look on the bright side of life...
Always look on the right side of life...
(Come on guys, cheer up!)
Always look on the bright side of life...
Always look on the bright side of life...
(Worse things happen at sea, you know.)
Always look on the bright side of life...
(I mean - what have you got to lose?)
(You know, you come from nothing - you're going back to nothing.
What have you lost? Nothing!)
Always look on the right side of life...
O Trilema Financeiro
quinta-feira, 22 de abril de 2010
Sunshine of Your Love - The Jimi Hendrix Experience
Versão ao vivo do clássico do Cream. Um pequeno detalhe: eles não sabiam a letra da música! Duca ao quadrado.
Sunshine of Your Love - Cream
Um dos melhores riffs da história do rock com Cream. Um baterista de jazz doidão, um baixista que tocava violoncelo e um dos melhores guitarristas de todos os tempos. Duca.
Mais Falhas de Governo
"The idea that multiplying rules and statutes can protect consumers and investors is surely one of the great intellectual failures of the 20th century. Any static rule will be circumvented or manipulated to evade its application. Better than multiplying rules, financial accounting should be governed by the traditional principle that one has an affirmative duty to present the true condition fairly and accurately—not withstanding what any rule might otherwise allow. And financial institutions should have a duty of care to their customers. Lawyers tell me that would get us closer to the common law approach to fraud and bad dealing.
Public choice theory has identified the root causes of regulatory failure as the capture of regulators by the industry being regulated. Regulatory agencies begin to identify with the interests of the regulated rather than the public they are charged to protect. In a paper for the Federal Reserve's Jackson Hole Conference in 2008, economist Willem Buiter described "cognitive capture," by which regulators become incapable of thinking in terms other than that of the industry. On April 5 of this year, The Wall Street Journal chronicled the revolving door between industry and regulator in "Staffer One Day, Opponent the Next."
Congressional committees overseeing industries succumb to the allure of campaign contributions, the solicitations of industry lobbyists, and the siren song of experts whose livelihood is beholden to the industry. The interests of industry and government become intertwined and it is regulation that binds those interests together. Business succeeds by getting along with politicians and regulators. And vice-versa through the revolving door.
We call that system not the free-market, but crony capitalism. It owes more to Benito Mussolini than to Adam Smith."
A (Ir)Relevância da Teoria Sraffiana
"There is a trade-off in economics (and elsewhere) between rigor and relevance:
the more we achieve deductive certainty in our arguments, the less
likely it is that we will achieve socially and politically relevant conclusions.
This trade-off, as we shall see, is not logically inevitable but, nevertheless,
it is rarely avoided in economic theorizing. Sraffian economics,
or so-called neo-Ricardian economics, is a striking example of this tradeoff.
From the outset in the pages of Piero Sraffa’s Production of Commodities
by Means of Commodities (1960) every departure from the framework
of simultaneous linear equations is carefully avoided with the aim of
producing a determinate theory of relative prices, conceived as a snapshot
of an economy at one moment of time. I shall argue that it condemns itself
to irrelevancy by its obsessive concern with rigor, cutting away every
wrinkle in its arguments, even if those wrinkles raise fundamental questions
about the economy that require resolution."
Mr. Blaug então continua:
"I claim that Sraffian economics, however rigorous...., is irrelevant to our understanding of the real world and, judging by its failure to draw any policy implications, is largely irrelevant
to the major concerns of modern economists."
terça-feira, 20 de abril de 2010
A Questão Nuclear, o Brasil e o Irã
A Diplomacia da Pirraça.
A Nova Estratégia Nuclear dos Estados Unidos. Artigo de José Goldemberg.
O Brasil e a Nuclearização do Irã. Ótimo artigo de Celso Laffer.
Essencial para entender a questão nuclear: o discurso de Nobel de Thomas Schelling. O video está aqui e o pdf aqui.
Finalmente, é imperdível o filme de Stanley Kubrick, Dr. Strangelove.
Por Que a Maioria dos Professores é de Esquerda?
"One way to compensate for this bleak and futureless existence is to become involved in left-wing causes. They give us a sense of identity in a world seemingly owned and operated by Rotarians. And they provide us with hope. In big government we trust, for with the election of sufficiently enlightened officials, we might gain full medical coverage, employment for our children, and good pensions. These same leftist leaders might redistribute income "fairly," by taking wealth from the "greedy" and giving it to those of us who want more of everything. A "just" world might be created in which sociologists, political scientists, botanists, and romance language professors would achieve the greatness that should be theirs. It's all a matter of educating the public. And hurling anathemas at people of position and affluence we deeply envy. "
Abuso do Ceteris Paribus
Mas o que não é recomendável para um graduando em economia, é prática da turma do pensamento mágico. Em mais um serviço de utilidade pública, Alex disseca um artigo de um diretor brasileiro do FMI, mostrando que pensamento mágico não é nada mais, nada menos do que.... mágico.
quarta-feira, 14 de abril de 2010
Febeapá: O Samba do Vice-Presidente Doido
"Mesmo quando é para um artefato nuclear, é também para fins pacíficos porque é para dissuasão".
Nunca antes na história deste país se viu tamanha insensatez.
terça-feira, 13 de abril de 2010
Como Fazer Alguém Parar de Trabalhar
"The second way government assistance programs contribute to long-term unemployment is by providing an incentive, and the means, not to work. Each unemployed person has a 'reservation wage'—the minimum wage he or she insists on getting before accepting a job. Unemployment insurance and other social assistance programs increase [the] reservation wage, causing an unemployed person to remain unemployed longer."
quinta-feira, 8 de abril de 2010
Alguma Coisa em Algum Lugar
terça-feira, 6 de abril de 2010
A Política da Política Monetária
"In this paper we critically review the literature on the political economy of monetary policy, with an eye on the questions raised by the recent financial crisis. We begin with a discussion of rules versus discretion. We then examine the issue of Central Banks independence both in normal times and in times of crisis. Then we review the literature of electoral manipulation of policies. Finally we address international institutional issues concerning the feasibility, optimality and political sustainability of currency unions in which more than one country share the same currency. A brief review of the Euro experience concludes the paper."
Falir é Bom e Faz Bem
“This country (os EUA) is based on our ability to take risks, to create new things — and our ability to fail, individually and in a corporate setting. If you become too big to fail, it’s no longer a market economy.”
Ainda segundo a reportagem, "In turn, Johnson suggested that a critical problem with large financial institutions is not just economic, but political: Bigger banks hold more influence in Washington, reducing government latitude for action. Johnson, the former chief economist of the International Monetary Fund, calls this industry “capture of the state."
Nada de novo até aqui, mas é bom lembrar que capitalismo sem falência é como religião sem pecado. Simplesmente não funciona.
segunda-feira, 5 de abril de 2010
Robert Barro Comenta a Grande Depressão e a Crise Financeira Recente
So what else should I be reading on the Great Depression?
There’s Ben Bernanke’s research in the 1980s – that’s probably his most important contribution in terms of macroeconomics and financial economics.
Yes, I saw the Dow Jones Newswires quote on Bernanke’s book, Essays on the Great Depression, which made me laugh: “With some observers saying that the ongoing financial crisis could be the worst since the Great Depression, the greatest living expert on that period is getting the chance to apply its economic lessons.”
Well Bernanke was thinking that way in April 2008. I remember talking to him at the time, just after the Bear Stearns initial intervention. I got a chance to ask him a question about why they were so aggressive at that time when things didn’t look so bad. And his response was that basically he was worrying about a Depression-type scenario – and trying to act early to nip that in the bud.
So are you not a fan of what Obama is doing?
I think the stimulus package was very stupid; it was awful. It’s just a tremendous waste of money and it’s going to cause some trouble in terms of a bigger public debt; it’s just wasting resources. But the more important thing is the financial system, and the housing related aspects. So on that, despite a lot of floundering around, mostly I think what they were doing is in the right direction. I think they made a big mistake by not bailing out Lehman Brothers – I think they recognized that two days later. That was Paulson’s individual fault and responsibility from what I can gather.