É a História, Estúpido!

Na investigação sobre os principais determinantes do desenvolvimento econômico, a literatura corrente tem dado ênfase à geografia e instituições. Mas as raízes do desenvolvimento podem estar relacionadas com história, como argumentam Enrico Spolaore e Romain Wacziarg. O abstract de seu interessantíssimo artigo segue:

"The empirical literature on economic growth and development has moved from the study of proximate determinants to the analysis of ever deeper, more fundamental factors, rooted in long-term history. A growing body of new empirical work focuses on the measurement and estimation of the effects of historical variables on contemporary income by explicitly taking into account the ancestral composition of current populations. The evidence suggests that economic development is affected by traits that have been transmitted across generations over the very long run. This article surveys this new literature and provides a framework to discuss different channels through which  intergenerationally transmitted characteristics may impact economicdevelopment, biologically (via genetic or epigenetic transmission) and culturally (via behavioral or symbolic transmission). An important issue is whether historically transmitted traits have affected development through their direct impact on productivity, or have operated indirectly as barriers to the diffusion of productivity-enhancing innovations across populations."