<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941</id><updated>2012-01-26T18:54:41.621-02:00</updated><category term='Foreign Policy'/><category term='Revclution'/><category term='Papa'/><category term='Plano Brasil Maior'/><category term='China'/><category term='maldição dos recursos naturais'/><category term='desenvolvimento sustentável'/><category term='liberalismo clássico'/><category term='financiamento da educação'/><category term='conservacionismo'/><category term='União Soviética'/><category term='sinfonia n. 6'/><category term='Dr. Strangelove'/><category term='máfia chinesa'/><category term='John Taylor'/><category 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term='desemprego'/><category term='John Lennon'/><category term='pilantragem'/><category term='nazismo'/><category term='desigualdade'/><category term='Dirty Mac'/><category term='John Stuart Mill'/><category term='crescimento econômico'/><category term='nacionalização'/><category term='tamanho do cérebro'/><category term='Calomiris'/><category term='Milton Friedman'/><category term='PAC'/><category term='finanças'/><category term='escolha racional'/><category term='Kevin Murphy'/><category term='bolhas de ativos'/><category term='mundo cruel'/><category term='EUA'/><category term='G20'/><category term='antiamericanismo'/><category term='individualismo'/><category term='novilíngua'/><category term='Legolas'/><category term='investment grade'/><category term='Stevie Ray Vaughan'/><category term='cotas'/><category term='república de bananas'/><category term='promessas eleitorais'/><category term='Ginger Baker'/><category term='mercado imobiliário'/><category term='Niall Ferguson'/><category term='Equilíbrio Geral'/><category term='Tao Te Ching'/><category term='protection for sale'/><category term='recessão'/><category term='FHC'/><category term='Estratégia de investimento'/><category term='Cream'/><category term='Forum Social Mundial'/><category term='Krugman'/><category term='taxa de câmbio real'/><category term='governança corporativa'/><category term='desenvolvimento'/><category term='Robert Lucas'/><category term='maldição dos recursos políticos'/><category term='Jeffrey Miron'/><category term='Robert Barro'/><category term='complexidade'/><category term='escola austríaca'/><category term='Gary Gorton'/><category term='inflação'/><category term='Plano Geithner'/><category term='FMI'/><category term='aquecimento global'/><category term='swaps cambiais'/><category term='Scott Sumner'/><category term='Jack Bruce'/><category term='justiça'/><category term='The Economist'/><category term='déficit em conta corrente'/><category term='capes'/><category term='controle de armas'/><category term='política econômica'/><category term='James Buchanan'/><category term='Petralha'/><category term='crise dos alimentos'/><category term='máfia'/><category term='eficiência adaptativa'/><category term='educação'/><category term='protecionismo'/><category term='Estado-Babá'/><category term='Maastrich'/><category term='Reforma constitucional'/><category term='Anand'/><category term='Banco Central'/><category term='Metas de PIB Nominal'/><category term='Simpsons'/><category term='alimentos'/><category term='galinhas'/><category term='libertarianismo'/><category term='pesquisa em economia'/><category term='Hippies'/><category term='off-topic'/><category term='federalismo preservador de mercados'/><category term='falha de mercado'/><category term='Capitalismo e Liberdade'/><category term='tecnologias de ensino'/><category term='Tom Jobim'/><category term='dinamismo'/><category term='fiscais do Sarney'/><category term='escolha pública'/><category term='Ken Rogoff'/><category term='Starr'/><category term='Rostropovich'/><category term='nacional desenvolvimentismo'/><category term='crise da dívida'/><category term='oportunidade'/><category term='Roma'/><category term='falha regulatória'/><category term='Hart'/><category term='A arte de publicar em economia'/><category term='liberdade'/><category term='blog update'/><category term='Robert Shiller'/><title type='text'>Escolhas e Consequências</title><subtitle type='html'>Alenda Lux Ubi Orta Libertas</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default?start-index=101&amp;max-results=100'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>497</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-4021796164831551569</id><published>2012-01-21T09:37:00.001-02:00</published><updated>2012-01-21T09:38:14.546-02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Adam Smith. liberalismo clássico'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='libertarianismo'/><title type='text'>Sobre Libertarianismo</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://delong.typepad.com/sdj/2012/01/discussion-questions-for-milton-friedman-and-rose-director-friedman-free-to-choose.html" target="_blank"&gt;Brad De Long tem uma interpretação &lt;strike&gt;bizarra&lt;/strike&gt; pouco informada sobre libertarianismo (ou liberalismo clássico), ao criticar Milton e Rose Friedman&lt;/a&gt;. A fonte do seu problema está em não entender a distinção entre liberdades negativas e positivas. Somente as negativas (fundamentalmente, direito à vida, propriedade e busca da felicidade) constituem os famosos direitos naturais. Liberdade de expressão e liberdade religiosa fazem parte do cinturão protetor dos direitos naturais, pois também são liberdades negativas e os reforçam. As liberdades positivas&amp;nbsp; (como direito à felicidade, liberdade do medo e da necessidade- para usar a terminologia do DeLong) não são constitutivas dos direitos e entram em conflito e enfraquecem as negativas. &lt;a href="http://johnhcochrane.blogspot.com/2012/01/delong-on-friedmans-and-freedoms.html" target="_blank"&gt;John Cochrane, corretamente, discute a interpretação pobre de DeLong e chama a atenção ao fato de que liberdades positivas são consequências de sociedades prósperas, e não suas causas.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jeffrey-sachs/libertarian-illusions_b_1207878.html" target="_blank"&gt;Outro economista que tem uma interpretação&lt;strike&gt;&lt;/strike&gt; pouco informada sobre libertarianismo é o Jeffrey Sachs, que coloca outros valores morais acima da liberdade individual&lt;/a&gt;. O problema é que a satisfação e a busca de outos valores morais desejáveis somente pode ser realizada em uma sociedade livre. Desta forma, é o respeito aos diretos naturais que preserva e estimula os outros valores morais. Trevor Burrus, do Cato Institute, discute extensivamente o artigo do Sachs e esclarece (HT: &lt;a href="http://selvabrasilis.blogspot.com/2012/01/libertarianismo-resposta-jeffrey-sachs.html" target="_blank"&gt;SB&lt;/a&gt;, pelo artigo do Burrus):&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"&lt;a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/trevor-burrus/libertarianism-rightly-conceived_b_1214550.html" target="_blank"&gt;In fact, most libertarians believe that the "other values or causes" listed by Professor Sachs are best promoted by promoting liberty. We believe so strongly in liberty because we believe that all those values are vital to humanity. At bottom, what ties libertarians together is the notion of a "presumption of liberty" -- that state action needs justification, not human freedom. This idea is far from controversial and, in fact, it is the founding principle of the modern liberal state.&lt;/a&gt;"&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-4021796164831551569?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/4021796164831551569/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=4021796164831551569&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/4021796164831551569'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/4021796164831551569'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2012/01/sobre-libertarianismo.html' title='Sobre Libertarianismo'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-2689636486049378109</id><published>2012-01-21T08:36:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2012-01-21T08:36:30.583-02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Estratégia de investimento'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Parceria Público-Privada'/><title type='text'>Parcerias Público-Privadas Para Alavancar Investimentos</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://economia.estadao.com.br/noticias/economia+brasil,parcerias-publico-privadas-avancam-em-projetos-medios-de-estados-e-municipios,100137,0.htm"&gt;Embora o governo federal ainda tem demonstrado pouco interesse, as PPP's estão adquirindo força em estados e municípios.&lt;/a&gt; Trata-se de uma alternativa viável para atrair capital privado em projetos de infraestrutura e em projetos onde a presença de externalidades torna a taxa interna de retorno privada substancialmente mais baixa do que a social. Se bem estruturadas, PPP's representam uma solução eficiente para alavancar a taxa de investimentos e impulsionar o crescimento econômico do país. &lt;a href="http://www.ppiaf.org/ppiaf/" target="_blank"&gt;O Banco Mundial tem um site (PPIAF)&lt;/a&gt; com ampla informação sobre PPP's ao redor do mundo, bem como sobre as técnicas utilizadas em suas estruturações. No Brasil, vale a pena consultar também o pessoal do site &lt;a href="http://www.pppbrasil.com.br/portal/" target="_blank"&gt;PPP Brasil&lt;/a&gt;, que apresenta bons artigos e está tomando várias iniciativas para facilitar a implementação desta modalidade de contratos no país.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-2689636486049378109?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/2689636486049378109/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=2689636486049378109&amp;isPopup=true' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/2689636486049378109'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/2689636486049378109'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2012/01/parcerias-publico-privadas-para.html' title='Parcerias Público-Privadas Para Alavancar Investimentos'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-5666885421351970425</id><published>2012-01-03T18:43:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2012-01-03T18:43:28.089-02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Wynton Marsalis'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Eric Clapton'/><title type='text'>Marsalis &amp; Clapton</title><content type='html'>Para começar bem o ano. A banda é sensacional e a música deliciosa.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;iframe width="420" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/y7eeb1MTkUY" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-5666885421351970425?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/5666885421351970425/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=5666885421351970425&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/5666885421351970425'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/5666885421351970425'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2012/01/marsalis-clapton.html' title='Marsalis &amp; Clapton'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://img.youtube.com/vi/y7eeb1MTkUY/default.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-8111206982131088404</id><published>2012-01-02T17:30:00.002-02:00</published><updated>2012-01-02T17:38:54.079-02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='James Buchanan'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='dívida pública'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Robert Barro'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Paul Samuelson'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Abba Lerner'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Paul Krugman'/><title type='text'>É a Dívida Pública, Estúpido! Parte III</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/02/opinion/krugman-nobody-understands-debt.html"&gt;Paul Krugman discorre novamente sobre o tema&lt;/a&gt;. Desta vez, Don Boudreaux, da George Mason, discute sua argumentação &lt;a href="http://cafehayek.com/2012/01/somebody-doesnt-understand-debt.html"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://cafehayek.com/2011/12/open-letter-to-paul-krugman-3.html"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt; e &lt;a href="http://cafehayek.com/2011/12/response-to-paul-krugman.html"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;. Nick Rowe também explica o custo da dívida &lt;a href="http://worthwhile.typepad.com/worthwhile_canadian_initi/2011/12/debt-is-too-a-burden-on-our-children-unless-you-believe-in-ricardian-equivalence.html"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt; e &lt;a href="http://worthwhile.typepad.com/worthwhile_canadian_initi/2012/01/the-30-years-debt-burden-non-war.html#more"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-8111206982131088404?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/8111206982131088404/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=8111206982131088404&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/8111206982131088404'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/8111206982131088404'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2012/01/e-divida-publica-estupido-parte-iii.html' title='É a Dívida Pública, Estúpido! Parte III'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-2064165424355977636</id><published>2012-01-02T16:45:00.001-02:00</published><updated>2012-01-02T16:46:25.017-02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='dívida pública'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='John Cochrane'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Euro'/><title type='text'>É a Dívida Pública, Estúpido! Parte II</title><content type='html'>Um continente de más idéias: &lt;a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-12-22/bad-ideas-worsen-europe-s-debt-meltdown-commentary-by-john-h-cochrane.html"&gt;John Cochrane discute os problemas de endividamento público na Europa e repercussões sobre o Euro&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"&lt;i&gt;Conventional wisdom says that sovereign defaults mean the end of the euro: If &lt;a href="http://topics.bloomberg.com/greece/"&gt;Greece&lt;/a&gt; defaults it has to leave the single currency; German taxpayers have to bail out southern governments to save the union. &lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;This is nonsense. U.S. states and local governments have defaulted on dollar debts, just as companies default. A currency is simply a unit of value, as meters are units of length. If the Greeks had skimped on the olive oil in a liter bottle, that wouldn’t threaten the metric system. &lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Bailouts are the real threat to the euro. The &lt;a href="http://topics.bloomberg.com/european-central-bank/"&gt;European Central Bank&lt;/a&gt; has been buying Greek, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish debt. It has been lending money to banks that, in turn, buy the debt. There is strong pressure for the ECB to buy or guarantee more. When the debt finally defaults, either the rest of Europe will have to raise trillions of euros in fresh taxes to replenish the central bank, or the euro will inflate away&lt;/i&gt;."&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-2064165424355977636?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/2064165424355977636/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=2064165424355977636&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/2064165424355977636'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/2064165424355977636'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2012/01/e-divida-publica-estupido-parte-ii.html' title='É a Dívida Pública, Estúpido! Parte II'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-1356909306950100453</id><published>2012-01-02T16:18:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2012-01-02T16:18:11.396-02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='dívida pública'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='John Cochrane'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Paul Krugman'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Greg Mankiw'/><title type='text'>É a Dívida Pública, Estúpido! Parte I</title><content type='html'>Paul Krugman &lt;a href="http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/12/26/a-note-on-the-ricardian-equivalence-argument-against-stimulus-slightly-wonkish/"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/12/28/debt-is-mostly-money-we-owe-to-ourselves/"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/12/28/more-on-the-burden-of-debt/"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt; e &lt;a href="http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/12/29/the-burden-of-debt-again-again/"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;, deixa John Cochrane (agora blogueiro), &lt;a href="http://johnhcochrane.blogspot.com/2011/12/krugman-on-stimulus.html#more"&gt;irado&lt;/a&gt;. Claro como um bom livro-texto, Greg Mankiw e Larry Ball explicam a &lt;a href="http://www.economics.harvard.edu/files/faculty/40_whatdobudgetdeficitsdo.pdf"&gt;economia dos déficits e da dívida pública&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-1356909306950100453?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/1356909306950100453/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=1356909306950100453&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/1356909306950100453'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/1356909306950100453'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2012/01/e-divida-publica-estupido-parte-i.html' title='É a Dívida Pública, Estúpido! Parte I'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-9145417588079881022</id><published>2012-01-02T15:59:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2012-01-02T15:59:45.501-02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='teoria macroeconômica'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='blogosfera'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='crise econômica'/><title type='text'>Marginais e Revolucionários</title><content type='html'>Sobre como crises econômicas e a blogosfera estão impulsionando heterodoxias econômicas, segundo a &lt;i&gt;The Economist&lt;/i&gt;: (HT: Mauricio Felippi)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"&lt;a href="http://www.economist.com/node/21542174"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Decades ago macroeconomics resembled an “intellectual witch’s brew”, according to Olivier Blanchard, chief economist of the International Monetary Fund. It contained “many ingredients, some of them exotic—many insights, but also a great deal of confusion”. Things then became more rigorous and refined: disagreements remained, but within set limits. Now, on the blogs, the economic conversation boils and bubbles again. That ferment is surely spreading into the academy—and in time some new quintessence will be brought forth, perhaps from materials now considered base&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;."&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-9145417588079881022?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/9145417588079881022/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=9145417588079881022&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/9145417588079881022'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/9145417588079881022'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2012/01/marginais-e-revolucionarios.html' title='Marginais e Revolucionários'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-8947576937510224796</id><published>2012-01-02T15:44:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2012-01-02T15:44:13.034-02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Listas'/><title type='text'>Listas de Início de Ano</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/01/business/from-6-economists-6-ways-to-face-2012-economic-view.html?_r=2"&gt;O &lt;i&gt;NYT&lt;/i&gt; pergunta a seis economistas como será 2012.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://drezner.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/12/30/announcing_the_2011_albies"&gt;A revista &lt;i&gt;Foreign Policy&lt;/i&gt; elege os melhores escritos (livros, artigos, posts, etc.) de 2011 sobre como o mundo funciona.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://economia.estadao.com.br/noticias/economia%20brasil,o-que-esperar-da-economia-do-brasil-em-2012,97895,0.htm"&gt;O &lt;i&gt;Estadão&lt;/i&gt; pergunta a alguns economistas o que esperar da economia do Brasil em 2012.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.foreignaffairs.com/features/collections/best-international-relations-books-of-2011?cid=nlc-this_week_on_foreignaffairs_co-122911-best_international_relations_b_3-122911"&gt;A revista &lt;i&gt;Foreign Affairs&lt;/i&gt; elege os melhores livros de relações internacionais de 2011.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-8947576937510224796?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/8947576937510224796/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=8947576937510224796&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/8947576937510224796'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/8947576937510224796'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2012/01/listas-de-inicio-de-ano.html' title='Listas de Início de Ano'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-2943688804767720206</id><published>2011-12-07T20:55:00.001-02:00</published><updated>2011-12-07T20:56:41.838-02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Vanguarda do Atraso'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='febeapá'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='substituição de importações'/><title type='text'>Substituição de Importações em Espetáculos e Diversão</title><content type='html'>Aparentemente, a recente competição desleal e selvagem em solo nacional de Paul McCartney, Eric Clapton e do Cirque du Soleil tornou necessária a proteção da indústria nacional. O próximo passo é a concessão de subsídios e incentivos fiscais para artistas consagrados como o palhaço Tiririca, &lt;a href="http://www.letras.com.br/genero/funk"&gt;a Mulher Melancia, o Bonde do Rolê e o MC Créu&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://economia.estadao.com.br/noticias/sua-carreira,senado-aprova-regulamentacao-da-profissao-de-dj-,95180,0.htm"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Senado aprova regulamentação da profissão de DJ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3 style="font-family: inherit; font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;         Texto tornar obrigatória a participação         de, pelo menos, 70% de profissionais brasileiros nos eventos promovidos         no País com atrações estrangeiras&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h3 style="font-family: inherit; font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;BRASÍLIA - A Comissão de Assuntos Sociais do Senado (CAS) aprovou  nesta quarta-feira, 7, em decisão terminativa, o projeto de lei do  ex-senador Sérgio Zambiasi (PTB-RS) que regulamenta a profissão dos DJs e  dos "disc-jockeys". Chamados no texto, respectivamente, de  "profissional de cabine" e de "produtor DJ", as atividades passarão a  constar da lei nº 6.533, de 1978, que trata da regulamentação das  profissões de artistas e de técnicos em espetáculos e diversões.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: inherit;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: inherit;"&gt;O texto cria uma reserva de mercado, ao tornar obrigatória a  participação de, pelo menos, 70% de profissionais brasileiros nos  eventos promovidos no País com atrações estrangeiras. Uma emenda do  relator, senador Paulo Paim (PT-RS), exige os que quiserem exercer a  atividade a ter diploma ou certificado correspondente às habilitações  profissionais de 2º grau de ator, contrarregra, cenotécnico, sonoplasta,  disc-jockey ou outros semelhantes, reconhecidos em lei. Como a  aprovação foi terminativa, o texto será encaminhado à Câmara dos  Deputados, sem a necessidade de ser votado no plenário do Senado.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: inherit;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: inherit;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: inherit;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: inherit;"&gt;Para exercer as atividades, será necessário obter o registro na  superintendência regional do Trabalho e Emprego, que terá validade em  todo o País. Os profissionais exercerão jornada de trabalho de seis  horas diárias ou 30 semanais. A proposta determina, ainda, que&amp;nbsp; a  cláusula de exclusividade não impedirá o artista, o técnico em  espetáculos de diversões, o DJ e o disc-jockey de prestar serviço em  atividade diversa ajustada no contrato de trabalho. "Desde que em outro  lugar e sem que se caracterize prejuízo para o contratante com o qual  foi assinada a cláusula de exclusividade", especifica ainda o projeto.     &lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3 style="font-family: inherit;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-2943688804767720206?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/2943688804767720206/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=2943688804767720206&amp;isPopup=true' title='2 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/2943688804767720206'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/2943688804767720206'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/12/substituicao-de-importacoes-em.html' title='Substituição de Importações em Espetáculos e Diversão'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-3018958953406486894</id><published>2011-12-01T21:14:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T21:14:13.591-02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='rent-seeking'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='subdesenvolvimento é um estado mental'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cristiano Costa'/><title type='text'>A Arte de Entender um Discurso</title><content type='html'>Sensacional. &lt;a href="http://www.cristianomcosta.com/2011/12/mantegada-semanal-18.html"&gt;O Cristiano faz a tradução (quase simultânea) do discurso do ministro Mantega.&lt;/a&gt; Para quem (como eu) que não entendeu nada do original, a tradução é muito melhor, pois faz sentido!&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-3018958953406486894?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/3018958953406486894/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=3018958953406486894&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/3018958953406486894'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/3018958953406486894'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/12/arte-de-entender-um-discurso.html' title='A Arte de Entender um Discurso'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-6953293812094465438</id><published>2011-11-28T06:05:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2011-11-28T06:05:44.586-02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='liberdade individual'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Civilização'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Adam Smith. liberalismo clássico'/><title type='text'>Liberdade em Risco</title><content type='html'>Dois historiadores concordam: as principais conquistas das sociedades no ocidente estão em risco, basicamente porque liberdade individual está em risco.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2011/feb/20/niall-ferguson-interview-civilization?INTCMP=ILCNETTXT3487"&gt;Niall Ferguson, historiador escocês, é taxativo nesta reportagem que discute seu último livro, &lt;i&gt;Civilization&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;"So much of liberalism in its classical sense is taken for granted in the  west today and even disrespected. We take freedom for granted, and  because of this we don't understand how incredibly vulnerable it is."&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/0,1518,799173,00.html"&gt;Sob a perspectiva dos atuais problemas da zona do Euro, o historiador inglês Timothy Ash chega à mesma conclusão:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;"The reason the crisis can have such a strong effect is that the big  engines of the European project are no longer running. I'm talking about  the passionately engaged politicians with their personal memories of  the war, the occupation, the dictatorship, the Holocaust and the Soviet  threat. That's why they promoted the project."&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;"What we do lack are the emotions and the passion to say to people: Do  you really want to risk what we have? The fact that a young man in  Greece or Estonia can get on a plane in the morning and fly to Paris or  Rome, without border controls and without exchanging money, and perhaps  find a wife or friends there, decide to live or find a job there -- this  is progress that no one should put at risk. It must be made clear to  people that their "easyJet Europe," as I call this European freedom we  experience every day, will be in jeopardy if the euro zone falls apart."&lt;/i&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-6953293812094465438?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/6953293812094465438/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=6953293812094465438&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/6953293812094465438'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/6953293812094465438'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/11/liberdade-em-risco.html' title='Liberdade em Risco'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-2291046181783178094</id><published>2011-11-24T17:52:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2011-11-24T17:52:51.398-02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='A arte de publicar em economia'/><title type='text'>Conselhos de Ariel Rubinstein Para Alunos de Doutorado</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://arielrubinstein.tau.ac.il/8QA.pdf"&gt;Vale a pena ler o texto inteiro&lt;/a&gt;. Minha parte favorita é a seguinte:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;How long should my paper be?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you don't have a good idea, then keep going. Don't stop at less than 60 single-spaced&lt;br /&gt;pages. Nobody will read your paper in any case so at least you have a chance to publish&lt;br /&gt;the paper in QJE or Econometrica.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you have a really good idea, my advice is to limit yourself to 15 double-spaced&lt;br /&gt;pages. I have not seen any paper in Economics which deserved more than that and yours&lt;br /&gt;is no exception. It is true that papers in Economics are long, but then almost all of then&lt;br /&gt;are deathly boring. Who can read a 50-page Econometica paper and remain sane? So&lt;br /&gt;make your contribution to the world by writing short papers -- focus on new ideas,&lt;br /&gt;shorten proofs to the bare minimum (yes, that is possible!), avoid stupid extensions and&lt;br /&gt;write elegantly!&lt;/i&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-2291046181783178094?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/2291046181783178094/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=2291046181783178094&amp;isPopup=true' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/2291046181783178094'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/2291046181783178094'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/11/conselhos-de-ariel-rubinstein-para.html' title='Conselhos de Ariel Rubinstein Para Alunos de Doutorado'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-8923758014007247642</id><published>2011-11-24T11:46:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2011-11-24T11:46:21.584-02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='política monetária'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='crescimento econômico'/><title type='text'>O Banco Central Deve Perseguir Políticas de Crescimento Econômico?</title><content type='html'>O leitor Marcelo Korez me pede para comentar a &lt;a href="http://clippingmp.planejamento.gov.br/cadastros/noticias/2011/11/2/projeto-preve-que-bc-estimule-crescimento/"&gt;reportagem deste link aqui&lt;/a&gt;, que diz que o Banco Central deve elaborar políticas para estimular crescimento econômico. Segundo a reportagem, a  Comissão de Assuntos Econômicos (CAE) do Senado aprovou um   projeto que inclui estímulo ao crescimento econômico e geração de   emprego como competências que devem ser buscadas pelo Banco Central. A proposição do projeto carrega uma certa dose de ambiguidade que merece ser melhor discutida.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A questão é como o BC pode "estimular o crescimento econômico", sabendo que seu principal instrumento é a política monetária. No longo prazo, o crescimento econômico depende de acumulação de fatores de produção, como capital e trabalho, de recursos naturais, inovação tecnológica e de um ambiente institucional amigável ao florescimento de mercados competitivos. No longo prazo, a política monetária determina basicamente a taxa de inflação da economia e pouco afeta estes condicionantes, exceto no que diz respeito ao fortalecimento de um ambiente institucional favorável. No longo prazo, a política monetária pode ter impacto negativo sobre crescimento econômico se produzir instabilidade macroeconômica ou inflação elevada, prejudicando assim o funcionamento de mercados. Isto nos traz aos problemas de curto prazo, onde ela tem maior impacto. No curto prazo, o principal impacto da política monetária é sobre a demanda agregada, e ela pode ser utilizada para estabilizar o produto.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O problema é que, ao contrário da visão keynesiana de que "no longo prazo estaremos todos mortos" e que apenas o curto prazo é relevante para a condução de política monetária, o fato é que o longo prazo é uma sucessão de curtos prazos - o que significa que políticas de curto prazo que minam estabilidade de longo prazo não são desejáveis. Neste sentido, uma boa política monetária é aquela que visa estabilizar a economia ao longo do tempo, provendo um regime monetário com inflação baixa e estável. Ocorre que este é o objetivo central do regime de metas de inflação e desta forma ele favorece crescimento econômico sustentável ao ajudar a promover um ambiente institucional favorável.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A ambiguidade do projeto da Comissão de Assuntos Econômicos (CAE) do Senado decorre do fato de que a ótica política raramente transcende o curto prazo e visa predominantemente as próximas eleições. Associado à perspectiva proferida por certos economistas do governo de que "um pouco mais de inflação ajuda o crescimento", pode-se estar visando ganhos políticos de curto prazo em detrimento de uma sociedade melhor ao longo do tempo. Por outro lado, se o desejo da Comissão for o de promover crescimento econômico de longo prazo, então o melhor negócio, sob o ponto de vista de política monetária, é manter o regime de metas de inflação reforçando seus fundamentos necessários, como responsabilidade fiscal e taxas flutuantes de câmbio. Adicionalmente, neste segundo caso, a Comissão deveria propor iniciativas para para criar no país um ambiente mais amigável à atividade econômica, como desoneração tributária, recomposição de infraestrutura e redução de custos de transação.&lt;a href="http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/10/doing-business-2012.html"&gt; Não custa lembrar aqui que no indicador do Banco Mundial, o &lt;i&gt;Doing Business&lt;/i&gt;, estamos ficando para trás.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-8923758014007247642?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/8923758014007247642/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=8923758014007247642&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/8923758014007247642'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/8923758014007247642'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/11/o-banco-central-deve-perseguir.html' title='O Banco Central Deve Perseguir Políticas de Crescimento Econômico?'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-1445518764055470647</id><published>2011-11-17T18:09:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2011-11-17T18:09:28.356-02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='humor'/><title type='text'>Os Feios Também Amam</title><content type='html'>Mas são discriminados e precisam de políticas compensatórias.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: black; width: 368px;"&gt;&lt;div style="padding: 4px;"&gt;&lt;embed allowfullscreen="true" allowscriptaccess="always" base="." flashvars="" height="293" src="http://media.mtvnservices.com/mgid:cms:video:thedailyshow.com:402207" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="360"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 4px; padding: 4px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.thedailyshow.com/watch/mon-november-14-2011/ugly-people"&gt;The Daily Show&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Get More: &lt;a href="http://www.thedailyshow.com/full-episodes/"&gt;Daily Show Full Episodes&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href="http://www.indecisionforever.com/"&gt;Political Humor &amp;amp; Satire Blog&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href="http://www.facebook.com/thedailyshow"&gt;The Daily Show on Facebook&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a href="http://gregmankiw.blogspot.com/2011/11/ugly-discrmination.html"&gt;HT: Mankiw&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-1445518764055470647?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/1445518764055470647/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=1445518764055470647&amp;isPopup=true' title='4 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/1445518764055470647'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/1445518764055470647'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/11/os-feios-tambem-amam.html' title='Os Feios Também Amam'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>4</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-6165707497197471290</id><published>2011-11-13T11:03:00.001-02:00</published><updated>2011-11-13T11:05:31.272-02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='empreendedorismo'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='capitalismo de comparsas'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='valores morais'/><title type='text'>O Capitalismo de Compadres Destrói Bons Valores Morais</title><content type='html'>A relação entre virtudes morais e a sociedade aberta (capitalismo de livre mercado) raramente é devidamente compreendida, &lt;a href="http://www.amazon.com/Bourgeois-Virtues-Ethics-Age-Commerce/dp/0226556646/ref=ntt_at_ep_dpt_3"&gt;tornando a leitura de Deirdre McCloskey civilizatória&lt;/a&gt;. Adicionalmente, &lt;a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/13/business/turning-the-dialogue-from-wealth-to-values.html"&gt;Tyler Cowen discorre sobre como o capitalismo de compadres pode estar corroendo valores essenciais para qualquer país como ética do trabalho e cultura do empreendedorismo&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;"The United States has always had a culture with a high regard for those  able to rise from poverty to riches. It has had a strong work ethic and  entrepreneurial spirit and has attracted ambitious immigrants, many of  whom were drawn here by the possibility of acquiring wealth.  Furthermore, the best approach for fighting poverty is often precisely &lt;i&gt;not&lt;/i&gt;  to make fighting poverty the highest priority. Instead, it’s better to  stress achievement and the pursuit of excellence, like a hero from an  Ayn Rand novel. These are still at least the ideals of many  conservatives and libertarians."&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;"...the problem is that higher status for the wealthy can easily lead  to crony capitalism. In public discourse social status judgments are  often crude. Critical differences are lost, like the distinction between  earning money through production for consumers, as Apple has done, and  earning money through the manipulation of government, which heavily  subsidized agribusinesses have done. The relevant question, in my view,  is not about how much you have earned but about how you have earned it.  To further confuse matters, many right-wing Republican politicians  supported corporate bailouts and corporate welfare far beyond what was  necessary to stabilize the economy, in doing so further muddying the  difference between productive and predatory capitalism."        &lt;/i&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-6165707497197471290?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/6165707497197471290/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=6165707497197471290&amp;isPopup=true' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/6165707497197471290'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/6165707497197471290'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/11/o-capitalismo-de-compadres-destroi-bons.html' title='O Capitalismo de Compadres Destrói Bons Valores Morais'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-9000195066396152616</id><published>2011-11-13T10:39:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2011-11-13T10:39:00.050-02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Crítica de Lucas'/><title type='text'>Um Exemplo de Como Não Se Deve Fazer Econometria</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www.econbrowser.com/archives/2011/11/i_killed_some_b.html"&gt;Menzie Chinn queima alguns neurônios se dedicando a um exemplo de livro texto.&lt;/a&gt; É preciso ter bom senso para utilizar econometria (e matemática também), e o bom senso vem de teoria econômica. O exemplo do Chinn é semelhante a um que costumo dar e que aterroriza alunos de macro: se a política monetária for usada eficientemente para estabilizar o produto, a correlação entre mudanças na oferta de moeda e no produto será próxima de zero!&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-9000195066396152616?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/9000195066396152616/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=9000195066396152616&amp;isPopup=true' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/9000195066396152616'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/9000195066396152616'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/11/um-exemplo-de-como-nao-se-deve-fazer.html' title='Um Exemplo de Como Não Se Deve Fazer Econometria'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-2761332292915620223</id><published>2011-11-13T10:25:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2011-11-13T10:25:29.674-02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='distribuição de renda'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='capitalismo de comparsas'/><title type='text'>Capitalismo de Compadres e Rent-Seeking</title><content type='html'>Não estou me referindo ao Brasil, mas aos EUA, cujo governo trilha insistentemente o caminho em direção à argentinização. Desta vez é com subsídios à produção de energia solar. &lt;a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/12/business/energy-environment/a-cornucopia-of-help-for-renewable-energy.html?_r=1&amp;amp;pagewanted=all"&gt;Do NYT:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;WASHINGTON — Halfway between Los Angeles and San Francisco, on a former  cattle ranch and gypsum mine, NRG Energy is building an engineering  marvel: a compound of nearly a million solar panels that will produce  enough electricity to power about 100,000 homes. &lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt; The project is also a marvel in another, less obvious way: Taxpayers and  ratepayers are providing subsidies worth almost as much as the entire  $1.6 billion cost of the project. Similar subsidy packages have been  given to 15 other&lt;a href="https://lpo.energy.gov/?page_id=45" title="Loan guarantee projects, from the Department of Energy’s Web site. "&gt; solar- and wind-power &lt;/a&gt;electric plants since 2009.        &lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt; The government support — which includes loan guarantees, cash grants and  contracts that require electric customers to pay higher rates — largely  eliminated the risk to the private investors and almost guaranteed them  large profits for years to come. The beneficiaries include financial  firms like Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley, conglomerates like General  Electric, utilities like Exelon and NRG — even Google.        &lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt; A great deal of attention has been &lt;a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/01/business/energy-environment/solyndra-solar-firm-aided-by-federal-loans-shuts-doors.html?scp=1&amp;amp;sq=solar%20firm%20aided%20by%20U.S.%20shuts%20doors&amp;amp;st=cse" title="Article on Solyndra bankruptcy."&gt;focused on Solyndra&lt;/a&gt;,  a start-up that received $528 million in federal loans to develop  cutting-edge solar technology before it went bankrupt, but nearly 90  percent of the $16 billion in clean-energy loans guaranteed by the  federal government since 2009 went to subsidize these lower-risk power  plants, which in many cases were backed by big companies with vast  resources.        &lt;/i&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-2761332292915620223?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/2761332292915620223/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=2761332292915620223&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/2761332292915620223'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/2761332292915620223'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/11/capitalismo-de-compadres-e-rent-seeking.html' title='Capitalismo de Compadres e Rent-Seeking'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-2363154888651271288</id><published>2011-11-08T09:54:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2011-11-08T09:54:11.678-02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Discurso Importante'/><title type='text'>Quando uma Imagem Diz Mais do Que Mil Palavras</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ynQ6a0CRewU/TrkX0LVlgGI/AAAAAAAAAMY/i5QvnbYMhdA/s1600/dilma-G-20.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ynQ6a0CRewU/TrkX0LVlgGI/AAAAAAAAAMY/i5QvnbYMhdA/s1600/dilma-G-20.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a href="http://selvabrasilis.blogspot.com/2011/11/o-brasil-e-um-pais-importante-e-dilma.html"&gt;HT: SB.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-2363154888651271288?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/2363154888651271288/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=2363154888651271288&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/2363154888651271288'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/2363154888651271288'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/11/quando-uma-imagem-diz-mais-do-que-mil.html' title='Quando uma Imagem Diz Mais do Que Mil Palavras'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ynQ6a0CRewU/TrkX0LVlgGI/AAAAAAAAAMY/i5QvnbYMhdA/s72-c/dilma-G-20.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-71280350967484938</id><published>2011-10-31T00:44:00.002-02:00</published><updated>2011-10-31T11:36:58.875-02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='crise financeira'/><title type='text'>O Que Causou a Crise Financeira de 2007-2008?</title><content type='html'>Dois livros bem interessantes sobre o tema: &lt;a href="http://www.amazon.com/Engineering-Financial-Crisis-Systemic-Regulation/dp/0812243579/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;qid=1319981874&amp;amp;sr=1-1/marginalrevol-20"&gt;Engineering the Financial Crisis&lt;/a&gt; e &lt;a href="http://www.amazon.com/Caused-Financial-Crisis-Jeffrey-Friedman/dp/0812221184/ref=pd_sim_b_1"&gt;What Caused the Financial Crisis&lt;/a&gt;. Sobre o primeiro, &lt;a href="http://econlog.econlib.org/archives/2011/10/another_post_on.html"&gt;Arnold Kling escreve um excelente post&lt;/a&gt;, onde pondera sobre as falhas regulatórias que condicionaram a crise:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"&lt;i&gt;...Another way to put this is that what experts know today is slight  relative to what they have yet to learn.  A competitive market system  will do a better job of learning than a top-down regulated system.  The  demand for regulation implicitly assumes that our experts know enough to  stop learning.  That is ultimately a dangerously wrong-headed view&lt;/i&gt;."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sobre o segundo, que é uma impressionante coletânea de artigos, &lt;a href="http://arnoldkling.com/econ/book/JFintro.pdf"&gt;pode-se ler a introdução aqui&lt;/a&gt;. Em ambos, o tema central são falhas regulatórias, que ocorrem por excesso ou omissão.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-71280350967484938?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/71280350967484938/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=71280350967484938&amp;isPopup=true' title='2 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/71280350967484938'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/71280350967484938'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/10/o-que-causou-crise-financeira-de-2007.html' title='O Que Causou a Crise Financeira de 2007-2008?'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-1109638139680346372</id><published>2011-10-26T20:39:00.001-02:00</published><updated>2011-10-30T19:32:48.857-02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='desenvolvimento econômico'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='direitos de propriedade'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='economia institucional'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='regra da lei'/><title type='text'>Civilização: O Ocidente e o Resto</title><content type='html'>&lt;iframe width="640" height="360" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/xpnFeyMGUs8?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Excelente digressão de Niall Ferguson, baseada em seu &lt;a href="http://www.amazon.com/Civilization-West-Rest-Niall-Ferguson/dp/1594203059/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;qid=1319668329&amp;amp;sr=1-1"&gt;último livro&lt;/a&gt;. Uma ótima aula de história econômica e economia institucional.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-1109638139680346372?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/1109638139680346372/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=1109638139680346372&amp;isPopup=true' title='3 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/1109638139680346372'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/1109638139680346372'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/10/civilizacao-o-ocidente-e-o-resto.html' title='Civilização: O Ocidente e o Resto'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://img.youtube.com/vi/xpnFeyMGUs8/default.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-3829568754189230570</id><published>2011-10-26T06:47:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2011-10-26T06:47:43.202-02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='eficiência adaptativa'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='sociopatias'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='dinamismo'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Capitalismo e Liberdade'/><title type='text'>O Fim do Fim do Capitalismo</title><content type='html'>A grande virtude do capitalismo de livre mercado sobre outros sistemas econômicos (os gêmeos &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crony_capitalism"&gt;capitalismo de compadres&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://www.columbia.edu/%7Eesp2/Critical%20Review%20Piece.pdf"&gt;corporativismo&lt;/a&gt; e &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_capitalism"&gt;capitalismo de estado&lt;/a&gt;, e &lt;a href="http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/PK.TAB6.1.GIF"&gt;as sociopatias do socialismo e do nacional-socialismo&lt;/a&gt;) é o que Douglass North chama de &lt;a href="http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/s7943.html"&gt;eficiência adaptativa&lt;/a&gt; e Edmund Phelps de &lt;a href="http://www.columbia.edu/%7Eesp2/UBA-CatedraPhelps2008May27Final.pdf"&gt;dinamismo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ambrose Evans-Pritchard do &lt;i&gt;The Telegraph&lt;/i&gt; parece indicar que os EUA ainda mantém eficiência adaptativa e dinamismo:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"&lt;a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/comment/ambroseevans_pritchard/8844646/World-power-swings-back-to-America.html"&gt;The American phoenix is slowly rising again. Within five years or so, the US will be well on its way to self-sufficiency in fuel and energy. Manufacturing will have closed the labour gap with China in a clutch of key industries. The current account might even be in surplus&lt;/a&gt;"&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-3829568754189230570?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/3829568754189230570/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=3829568754189230570&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/3829568754189230570'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/3829568754189230570'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/10/o-fim-do-fim-do-capitalismo.html' title='O Fim do Fim do Capitalismo'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-3976595139954919526</id><published>2011-10-25T19:10:00.001-02:00</published><updated>2011-10-25T19:12:29.238-02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Fim do mundo'/><title type='text'>O Fim do Capitalismo Está Próximo!</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,coreia-do-norte-o-capitalismo-esta-desaparecendo-da-historia,786952,0.htm"&gt;"O capitalismo não tem futuro", segundo a agência de notícias estatal KCNA, da Coréia do Norte: &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"&lt;i&gt;A única maneira de sair da crise atual que aflige o mundo  capitalista é erradicando seu sistema. O capitalismo está desaparecendo  da história, já que explora o povo e é esquecido por ele&lt;/i&gt;". Que vontade de fugir para&amp;nbsp; &lt;a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyongyang" title="Pyongyang"&gt;Pyongyang!&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-3976595139954919526?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/3976595139954919526/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=3976595139954919526&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/3976595139954919526'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/3976595139954919526'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/10/o-fim-do-capitalismo-esta-proximo.html' title='O Fim do Capitalismo Está Próximo!'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-620279698118956859</id><published>2011-10-24T05:10:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2011-10-24T05:10:11.098-02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Milton Friedman'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Ben Bernanke'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Thomas Sargent'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Robert Hetzel'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Davis Laidler'/><title type='text'>As Contribuições de Milton Friedman à Economia</title><content type='html'>Conforme vistos por &lt;a href="http://dallasfed.org/research/pubs/ftc/bernanke.pdf"&gt;Ben Bernanke&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://www.richmondfed.org/publications/research/economic_quarterly/2007/winter/pdf/hetzel.pdf"&gt;Robert Hetzel&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://economics.uwo.ca/centres/epri/wp2005/Laidler_11.pdf"&gt;David Laidler&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp; e &lt;a href="https://files.nyu.edu/ts43/public/research/Sargent_on_Friedman.pdf"&gt;Thomas Sargent&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A importância do trabalho de Milton Friedman é bem colocada neste texto de Ben Bernanke:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"&lt;i&gt;In preparing this talk, I encountered the following problem. Friedman’s monetary framework has been so influential that, in its broad outlines at least, it has nearly become identical with modern monetary theory and practice. I am reminded of the student first exposed to Shakespeare who complained to the professor: “I don’t see what’s so great about him. He was hardly original at all. All he did was string together a bunch of well-known quotations.” The same issue arises when one assesses Friedman’s contributions. His thinking has so permeated modern macroeconomics that the worst pitfall in reading him today is to fail to appreciate the originality and even revolutionary character of his ideas, in relation to the dominant views at the time that he formulated them.&lt;/i&gt;"&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-620279698118956859?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/620279698118956859/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=620279698118956859&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/620279698118956859'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/620279698118956859'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/10/as-contribuicoes-de-milton-friedman.html' title='As Contribuições de Milton Friedman à Economia'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-4427197741688311024</id><published>2011-10-24T04:39:00.001-02:00</published><updated>2011-10-24T04:40:23.256-02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='produtividade'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Novo Desenvolvimentismo'/><title type='text'>Estagnação da Produtividade do Trabalho no Brasil</title><content type='html'>Para aqueles economistas novo-desenvolvimentistas que acreditam que, para que o país possa crescer, basta uma desvalorização cambial e/ou subsídios e proteção a determinadas indústrias, &lt;a href="http://economia.estadao.com.br/noticias/economia,produtividade-brasileira-esta-parada-ha-30-anos,89305,0.htm"&gt;este artigo de Fernando Dantas, no Estadão, é um bom choque de realidade:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;RIO - O trabalho no Brasil não se tornou mais produtivo ao longo dos  últimos 30 anos. A produtividade do trabalho, fator fundamental do  crescimento econômico sustentado, caiu entre 1980 e 2008. De lá para cá,  o indicador recuou na crise global, depois se recuperou rapidamente,  mas parou de crescer a partir do segundo semestre de 2010.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"O Brasil é um país no qual, não importa como se meça a  produtividade, nada parece acontecer", diz José Alexandre Scheinkman,  economista brasileiro da Universidade Princeton.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Em 1980, um trabalhador brasileiro produzia em média o equivalente a  US$ 21 mil por ano. Em 2008, esse número havia caído para US$ 17,8 mil.  Houve, portanto, queda de 15% no período. Esses dados fazem parte da  Penn World Table, banco de dados do Centro para Comparações  Internacionais de Produção, Renda e Preços da Universidade da  Pensilvânia, com indicadores econômicos de 189 países e territórios.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Os números vão até 2008 para a maioria dos países, inclusive para o  Brasil. Os valores da Penn World Table sobre a produtividade do trabalho  são todos convertidos para dólares de 2005, com paridade de poder de  compra (PPP). Isso significa que a diferença de custo de vida entre os  diferentes países é eliminada.&lt;br /&gt;Entre os 150 países da Penn World Table com dados completos de  produtividade do trabalho entre 1980 e 2008, o Brasil está em 130.º em  termos de desempenho neste período.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O Brasil só ganha de 21 países, sendo 11 da África, incluindo Costa  do Marfim, Malawi, Somália, Camarões, Togo e Zimbábue. Todos os outros  países africanos tiveram desempenho melhor do que o Brasil. &lt;br /&gt;Na América Latina, a evolução da produtividade do trabalho brasileira  nas últimas três décadas só não é pior do que a apresentada por  Paraguai, Venezuela, Nicarágua e Haiti.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Comparado a outras grandes economias emergentes, ou a países  sul-americanos como Argentina e Chile, o Brasil tem o pior desempenho na  produtividade do trabalho entre 1980 e 2008.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A Argentina saiu de US$ 21,2 mil para US$ 24,8 mil (alta de 17%). O  Chile, de US$ 15,1 mil para US$ 27,5 mil (82%). A China, de US$ 1,2 mil  para US$ 10,9 mil (778%). A Índia, de US$ 2,8 mil para US$ 7,8 mil  (181%). E a Coreia, finalmente, de US$ 14 mil para US$ 50 mil (256%).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Scheinkman nota ainda que, como proporção da produtividade do  trabalho dos Estados Unidos, o desempenho brasileiro nas últimas décadas  também é muito ruim. "Os Estados Unidos são a fronteira, e o Brasil não  está se aproximando", ele diz.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Na verdade, o Brasil convergiu na direção dos Estados Unidos entre  1950 e 1980, e depois recuou de novo até 1988. Assim, a produtividade do  trabalho no Brasil era 18% da americana em 1950, avançou até 40% em  1980 e voltou para 21% em 2008.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Em comparação, a Coreia saiu de 14% da produtividade do trabalho  americana em 1953 (primeiro ano com dados na Penn World Table) para 27%  em 1980 e 60% em 2008. É interessante notar que, entre 1950 e 1980, o  Brasil avançou mais rápido do que a Coreia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tanto os dados do Brasil quanto da Coreia do Sul são da Penn World  Table, em PPP, e diferem dos valores do gráfico ao lado, do Conference  Board, embora a tendência seja a mesma.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Para Scheinkman, a má performance brasileira deve-se a deficiências  de educação e infraestrutura, à integração ainda baixa com a economia  global, à baixa absorção de tecnologia, à falta de inovação em muitos  setores e às dificuldades burocráticas para formalizar ou aumentar o  tamanho das empresas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ele nota que programas como o Simples, que aliviam a tributação para  as pequenas empresas, ajudam na formalização mas se tornam um  desincentivo ao crescimento. "As empresas não ganham a escala necessária  para se tornarem mais produtivas, trocando-se um problema pelo outro."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Scheinkman ressalva, porém, que a agricultura é um setor em que a  produtividade teve grandes avanços no Brasil. "As pessoas reclamam da  agricultura, mas não percebem que ela vai muito melhor que os outros  setores em termos de produtividade", ele diz.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O economista Samuel Pessôa, da consultoria Tendências, acha que uma  série de fatores interrompeu o bom desempenho da produtividade do  trabalho no Brasil a partir do início da década de 80.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Um dos mais básicos foi a evolução da tecnologia a partir de meados  dos anos 70, que começou a exigir trabalhadores com melhor qualidade  educacional.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Aquele milagre brasileiro no pós-guerra, em um país de baixíssima  escolaridade, sem nenhum investimento em educação, se dissipou, porque a  tecnologia mudou na direção de requerer capital humano, que era  exatamente o que não tínhamos e ainda não temos", diz Pessôa.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-4427197741688311024?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/4427197741688311024/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=4427197741688311024&amp;isPopup=true' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/4427197741688311024'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/4427197741688311024'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/10/estagnacao-da-produtividade-do-trabalho.html' title='Estagnação da Produtividade do Trabalho no Brasil'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-5947233877065378842</id><published>2011-10-21T17:01:00.002-02:00</published><updated>2011-10-22T17:35:49.862-02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='desenvolvimento'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Mancur Olson'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ditadura'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Democracia'/><title type='text'>Ditadura, Democracia e Desenvolvimento</title><content type='html'>Apenas para fundamentar o post abaixo, sobre a governança corporativa do crime, vai aí o abstract e o link de um dos mais interessantes artigos do Mancur Olson:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"&lt;a href="http://www.svt.ntnu.no/iss/Indra.de.Soysa/POL3503H05/olson.pdf"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Under anarchy, uncoordinated competitive theft by "roving bandits" destroys the incentive to invest and produce, leaving little for either the population or the bandits.  Both can be better off if a bandit sets himself up as a dictator--a "stationary bandit" who monopolizes and rationalizes theft in the form of taxes.  A secure autocrat has an encompassing interest in his domain that leads him to provide a peaceful order and other public goods that increase productivity.  Whenever an autocrat expects a brief tenure, it pays him to confiscate those assets whose tax yield over his tenure is less than their total value.  This incentive plus the inherent uncertainty of succession in dictatorships imply that autocracies will rarely have good economic performance for more than a generation.  The conditions necessary for a lasting democracy are the same necessary for the security of property and contract rights that generates economic growth&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;"&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-5947233877065378842?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/5947233877065378842/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=5947233877065378842&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/5947233877065378842'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/5947233877065378842'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/10/ditadura-democracia-e-desenvolvimento.html' title='Ditadura, Democracia e Desenvolvimento'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-11372809965228163</id><published>2011-10-21T10:37:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2011-10-21T10:37:09.512-02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='governança corporativa'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Criminalidade'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Mancur Olson'/><title type='text'>Governança Corporativa do Crime</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cJyj9cUBXVU/TqFmU548M6I/AAAAAAAAAMQ/UZDaXWQsgyI/s1600/evil-tattoos.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cJyj9cUBXVU/TqFmU548M6I/AAAAAAAAAMQ/UZDaXWQsgyI/s320/evil-tattoos.jpg" width="252" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;De acordo com a teoria do bandido estacionário de Mancur Olson, uma gangue de criminosos que se torna poderosa passa a cumprir funções de Estado, como a provisão de bens públicos e o controle de externalidades. &lt;a href="http://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2011/10/the-mexican-mafia.html"&gt;Este é o caso da Máfia mexicana, como relata Alex Tabarrok&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-11372809965228163?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/11372809965228163/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=11372809965228163&amp;isPopup=true' title='3 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/11372809965228163'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/11372809965228163'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/10/governanca-corporativa-do-crime.html' title='Governança Corporativa do Crime'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cJyj9cUBXVU/TqFmU548M6I/AAAAAAAAAMQ/UZDaXWQsgyI/s72-c/evil-tattoos.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-1751088766273219151</id><published>2011-10-21T08:15:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2011-10-21T08:15:27.609-02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='política monetária'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='crise financeira'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Metas de PIB Nominal'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Scott Sumner'/><title type='text'>Crise Financeira e Metas de PIB Nominal</title><content type='html'>&lt;iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="480" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/VP4IiKxNj8I?rel=0" width="640"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Scott Sumner explica sua interpretação não-convencional baseada em teoria econômica convencional.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-1751088766273219151?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/1751088766273219151/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=1751088766273219151&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/1751088766273219151'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/1751088766273219151'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/10/crise-financeira-e-metas-de-pib-nominal.html' title='Crise Financeira e Metas de PIB Nominal'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://img.youtube.com/vi/VP4IiKxNj8I/default.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-2628169506936500638</id><published>2011-10-20T19:03:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2011-10-20T19:03:34.491-02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Estratégia de Desenvolvimento'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Doing Business'/><title type='text'>Doing Business 2012</title><content type='html'>O relatório &lt;a href="http://www.doingbusiness.org/%7E/media/FPDKM/Doing%20Business/Documents/Annual-Reports/English/DB12-FullReport.pdf"&gt;Doing Business 2012&lt;/a&gt;, do Banco Mundial, provê uma mensuração objetiva da regulação dos negócios, que permite identificar a facilidade de fazer negócios nos países analisados. De um total de 183 países, o Brasil é o 126o. do ranking, uma posição nada confortável, indicando que a regulação de negócios do país é pouco amigável à atividade econômica.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cingapura lidera o ranking de facilidade de fazer negócios, seguido de Hong Kong, Nova Zelândia, Estados Unidos e Dinamarca.&amp;nbsp; O Brasil perdeu seis posições no ranking, em relação ao relatório de 2011, pois pouco melhorou o seu ambiente de negócios - em 125 países foram implementadas um total de 245 reformas regulatórias. No ranking do Doing Business, o Brasil está logo atrás de Suazilândia e Boznia e Herzegovina, mas à frente de Tanzânia e Honduras. Nos últimos seis anos, os países que mais progrediram em criar um ambiente mais amigável a negócios foram a China, India e Rússia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Como sugestão de plano de desenvolvimento econômico, é melhor se engajar em reformas regulatórias que afetam todo o ambiente de negócios no país do que conceder subsídios, isenções fiscais e venda de proteção a determinadas indústrias. Se fazer reformas é um ato impossível para nossos planejadores, a política de &lt;i&gt;second-best&lt;/i&gt; parece ser simplesmente eliminar o&lt;a href="http://www.brasilmaior.mdic.gov.br/"&gt; Plano Brasil Maior&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-2628169506936500638?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/2628169506936500638/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=2628169506936500638&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/2628169506936500638'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/2628169506936500638'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/10/doing-business-2012.html' title='Doing Business 2012'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-7278833055798632603</id><published>2011-10-15T10:10:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2011-10-15T10:10:19.096-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='The Doors'/><title type='text'>The Doors - The End</title><content type='html'>&lt;iframe width="640" height="480" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/JSUIQgEVDM4?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-7278833055798632603?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/7278833055798632603/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=7278833055798632603&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/7278833055798632603'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/7278833055798632603'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/10/doors-end.html' title='The Doors - The End'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://img.youtube.com/vi/JSUIQgEVDM4/default.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-6904763167859989290</id><published>2011-10-15T10:07:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2011-10-15T10:07:16.008-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='The Doors'/><title type='text'>The Doors - L.A. Woman</title><content type='html'>&lt;iframe width="640" height="480" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/b-wgIht3roA?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-6904763167859989290?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/6904763167859989290/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=6904763167859989290&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/6904763167859989290'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/6904763167859989290'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/10/doors-la-woman.html' title='The Doors - L.A. Woman'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://img.youtube.com/vi/b-wgIht3roA/default.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-9155336986972214627</id><published>2011-10-15T09:53:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2011-10-15T09:53:16.234-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Led Zeppelin'/><title type='text'>Led Zeppelin - Since I've Been Loving You</title><content type='html'>&lt;iframe width="640" height="480" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/Bkjv9SscotY?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-9155336986972214627?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/9155336986972214627/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=9155336986972214627&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/9155336986972214627'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/9155336986972214627'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/10/led-zeppelin-since-ive-been-loving-you.html' title='Led Zeppelin - Since I&apos;ve Been Loving You'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://img.youtube.com/vi/Bkjv9SscotY/default.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-2770574659631850346</id><published>2011-10-15T09:47:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2011-10-15T09:47:11.769-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Led Zeppelin'/><title type='text'>Led Zeppelin - Stairway to Heaven</title><content type='html'>&lt;object style="height: 390px; width: 640px"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/w9TGj2jrJk8?version=3"&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/w9TGj2jrJk8?version=3" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true" allowScriptAccess="always" width="640" height="360"&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-2770574659631850346?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/2770574659631850346/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=2770574659631850346&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/2770574659631850346'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/2770574659631850346'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/10/led-zeppelin-stairway-to-heaven.html' title='Led Zeppelin - Stairway to Heaven'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-1893025587264393628</id><published>2011-10-15T09:36:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2011-10-15T09:36:47.900-03:00</updated><title type='text'>The Animals - House of the Rising Sun</title><content type='html'>&lt;object style="height: 390px; width: 640px"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/mmdPQp6Jcdk?version=3"&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/mmdPQp6Jcdk?version=3" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true" allowScriptAccess="always" width="640" height="360"&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-1893025587264393628?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/1893025587264393628/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=1893025587264393628&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/1893025587264393628'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/1893025587264393628'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/10/animals-house-of-rising-sun.html' title='The Animals - House of the Rising Sun'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-3373308307188225554</id><published>2011-10-15T09:20:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2011-10-15T09:20:04.428-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Jimi Hendrix'/><title type='text'>Jimi Hendrix - Sunshine of Your Love</title><content type='html'>&lt;object style="height: 390px; width: 640px"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/52B69YDCo8s?version=3"&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/52B69YDCo8s?version=3" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true" allowScriptAccess="always" width="640" height="360"&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-3373308307188225554?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/3373308307188225554/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=3373308307188225554&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/3373308307188225554'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/3373308307188225554'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/10/jimi-hendrix-sunshine-of-your-love.html' title='Jimi Hendrix - Sunshine of Your Love'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-4057529229811230208</id><published>2011-10-15T09:13:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2011-10-15T09:13:40.432-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Eric Clapton'/><title type='text'>Eric Clapton - Voodoo Chile</title><content type='html'>&lt;object style="height: 390px; width: 640px"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/zA4TIFS3yzo?version=3"&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/zA4TIFS3yzo?version=3" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true" allowScriptAccess="always" width="640" height="360"&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-4057529229811230208?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/4057529229811230208/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=4057529229811230208&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/4057529229811230208'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/4057529229811230208'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/10/eric-clapton-voodoo-chile.html' title='Eric Clapton - Voodoo Chile'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-1169981836249452909</id><published>2011-10-15T08:57:00.004-03:00</published><updated>2011-10-15T09:10:07.036-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Stevie Ray Vaughan'/><title type='text'>Stevie Ray Vaughan - Voodoo Child</title><content type='html'>&lt;object style="height: 390px; width: 640px"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/purPKiG5__A?version=3"&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/purPKiG5__A?version=3" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true" allowScriptAccess="always" width="640" height="360"&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-1169981836249452909?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/1169981836249452909/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=1169981836249452909&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/1169981836249452909'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/1169981836249452909'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/10/stevie-ray-vaughan-voodoo-chile.html' title='Stevie Ray Vaughan - Voodoo Child'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-7117050847526552291</id><published>2011-10-15T08:53:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2011-10-15T08:53:53.777-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Steve Vai'/><title type='text'>Steve Vai - I'm The Hell Outta Here</title><content type='html'>&lt;object style="height: 390px; width: 640px;"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/j_7iRZzlSzI?version=3"&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/j_7iRZzlSzI?version=3" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true" allowScriptAccess="always" width="640" height="360"&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-7117050847526552291?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/7117050847526552291/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=7117050847526552291&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/7117050847526552291'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/7117050847526552291'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/10/steve-vai-im-hell-outta-here.html' title='Steve Vai - I&apos;m The Hell Outta Here'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-4947212674552124613</id><published>2011-10-13T16:05:00.001-03:00</published><updated>2011-10-13T16:08:08.847-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='University of Chicago'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Law and Economics'/><title type='text'>Chicago Manterá sua Supremacia no Movimento Law &amp; Economics?</title><content type='html'>Difícil saber, mas estão tomando medidas importantes para mantê-la nas próximas décadas:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.law.com/jsp/nlj/PubArticleNLJ.jsp?id=1202518430582&amp;amp;src=EMC-Email&amp;amp;et=editorial&amp;amp;bu=National%20Law%20Journal&amp;amp;pt=NLJ.com-%20Daily%20Headlines&amp;amp;cn=20111011nlj&amp;amp;kw=Chicago%20aims%20to%20protect%20its%20supremacy%20in%20law-and-economics%20movement&amp;amp;slreturn=1"&gt;&lt;i&gt;"The University of Chicago School of Law gave birth to the law-and-economics movement during the 1950s and 1960s. Now the school is reasserting its commitment to the study of the law through the lens of economics with an initiative it has dubbed Law and Economics 2.0."Law and economics has been the most important legal movement of the past half century. We're very proud of it and it's part of our legacy," said Dean Michael Schill. "We want to be a leader for the next 50 years. We've been actively looking at what we can do to keep us comfortably at the forefront.""&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-4947212674552124613?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/4947212674552124613/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=4947212674552124613&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/4947212674552124613'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/4947212674552124613'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/10/chicago-mantera-sua-supremacia-no.html' title='Chicago Manterá sua Supremacia no Movimento Law &amp; Economics?'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-4918072385791067933</id><published>2011-10-13T15:58:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2011-10-13T15:58:20.778-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Tyler Cowen'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='teoria macroeconômica'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='IS-LM'/><title type='text'>Mais Sobre o  Debate do Modelo IS-LM</title><content type='html'>Excelente post de Tyler Cowen:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"&lt;i&gt;I am sad that the IS-LM debate devolved into IS-LM vs. close  substitutes, because I meant to raise a broader set of objections to one  particular kind of technocratic curve-shifting as the foundation for  macroeconomic thought.&amp;nbsp; Let me list a few alternative starting points  for macroeconomics:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;1. Public choice economics (still the most underrated, in today’s profession)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;2. Growth theory (as distinct from the view that all business cycles are simply fluctuations in the rate of growth)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;3. The New Institutional Economics of property rights and incentives&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;4. Financial asset pricing theory (as distinct from the view that financial markets are always efficient)&lt;/i&gt;"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2011/10/is-lm-keynesianism-why-not-and-which-alternatives.html"&gt;Leia mais aqui. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-4918072385791067933?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/4918072385791067933/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=4918072385791067933&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/4918072385791067933'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/4918072385791067933'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/10/mais-sobre-o-debate-do-modelo-is-lm.html' title='Mais Sobre o  Debate do Modelo IS-LM'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-6071994435183427819</id><published>2011-10-11T17:45:00.001-03:00</published><updated>2011-10-12T12:19:13.917-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='corrupção'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='crescimento do governo'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='rent-seeking'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Nacional-desenvolvimentismo'/><title type='text'>Projeções do FMI e as Virtudes de Um Bom Modelo Político-Econômico</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-jIBnTH0zVk8/TpSpfg6UpLI/AAAAAAAAAMI/Z3SNzpBLvKc/s1600/CAR100511A-1.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="640" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-jIBnTH0zVk8/TpSpfg6UpLI/AAAAAAAAAMI/Z3SNzpBLvKc/s640/CAR100511A-1.gif" width="384" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/so/2011/CAR100511A.htm"&gt;De acordo com as projeções de crescimento econômico para 2011 e 2012 acima, do FMI&lt;/a&gt;, estamos de parabéns: Na América do Sul, conseguimos bater a Venezuela!&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-6071994435183427819?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/6071994435183427819/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=6071994435183427819&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/6071994435183427819'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/6071994435183427819'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/10/projecoes-do-fmi-e-as-virtudes-de-um.html' title='Projeções do FMI e as Virtudes de Um Bom Modelo Político-Econômico'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-jIBnTH0zVk8/TpSpfg6UpLI/AAAAAAAAAMI/Z3SNzpBLvKc/s72-c/CAR100511A-1.gif' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-6546876381770485947</id><published>2011-10-10T14:26:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2011-10-10T14:26:20.952-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Thomas Sargent'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Chris Sims'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Prêmio Nobel de Economia'/><title type='text'>Sargent e Sims: Nobel para "Fresh Water Economics"</title><content type='html'>Este ano o prêmio foi para economistas não-keynesianos, fortemente associados à tradição Minnesota-Chicago (daí &lt;i&gt;fresh-water&lt;/i&gt;, em contraposição às escolas &lt;i&gt;salt-water&lt;/i&gt; neo-keynesianas das costas leste e oeste dos EUA). Tyler Cowen produziu dois ricos posts (vale a pena lê-los na íntegra, inclusive os links) para explicar a contribuição de Sargent e Sims.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2011/10/thomas-sargent-nobel-laureate.html"&gt;Sobre o Sargent, Cowen escreve&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;"Sargent has made major contributions to macroeconomics, the theory of  expectations, fiscal policy, economic history, and dynamic learning,  among other areas.&amp;nbsp; He is a very worthy Laureate and an extraordinarily  deep and productive scholar."&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;"One of his most important (and depressing) papers is Sargent, Thomas J. and Neil Wallace (1981). “&lt;a href="http://www.mpls.frb.org/research/QR/QR531.pdf"&gt;Some Unpleasant Monetarist Arithmetic&lt;/a&gt;“. &lt;em&gt;Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Quarterly Review&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;5&lt;/strong&gt;  (3): 1–17.&amp;nbsp; The main idea of this paper is that good monetary policy  requires good fiscal policy.&amp;nbsp; Otherwise the fight against inflation will  not be credible.&amp;nbsp; This is probably his most important paper."&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;"Sargent really is one of the smartest, deepest, and most scholarly of  all contemporary economists.&amp;nbsp; The word “impressive” resonates.&amp;nbsp; He has  enough contributions for 1.6 Nobel Prizes, maybe more.&amp;nbsp; He has  influenced the thought of all good macroeconomists.&amp;nbsp; The economic  history is dedicated and path breaking.&amp;nbsp; If I had to come up with a  criticism, I find that some of his papers have an excess of rigor and  don’t leave the reader with a clear intuitive result.&amp;nbsp; I am not as  enamored of foundations as he is.&amp;nbsp; Still, that is being picky and this  is a very very good choice for the prize.&amp;nbsp; I would have considered a  co-award with Neil Wallace, however, since two of Sargent’s most  important papers (JPE 1975) and “unpleasant monetarist arithmetic” were  written with Wallace."&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2011/10/christopher-sims-nobel-laureate.html"&gt;Finalmente, sobre Sims:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;"Sims is currently at Princeton but most closely associated with the  University of Minnesota.&amp;nbsp; Basically this is a prize in praise of  Minnesota macro, fresh water macro of course, and lots of econometrics.&amp;nbsp;  Think of Sims as an economist who found the traditional Keynesian  methods “just not good enough” and who worked hard to improve them.&amp;nbsp; He  brought a lot more rigor into empirical macro and he helped define a  school of thought at the University of Minnesota.&amp;nbsp; His influence will  endure.&amp;nbsp; Some of his results raised the status of the “real shocks”  approach to business cycles, although I think of Sims’s work as more  defined by a method than by any set of conclusions."&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;"I think of Sims as having three major contributions: vector  autoregression as a macroeconomic method, impulse response functions,  and deep examinations of money-income causality.&amp;nbsp; Via Tim Harford, here  are &lt;a href="http://www.karlwhelan.com/Teaching/MA-Macro11/part2.pdf"&gt;powerpoint slides on the first two&lt;/a&gt;, first rate presentation.&amp;nbsp; If you know some math, this is the place to go on Sims."&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;"Sims is one of the most important figures in macro econometrics in the  last thirty years, if not the most important.&amp;nbsp; He clearly deserves a  Nobel Prize."&lt;/i&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-6546876381770485947?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/6546876381770485947/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=6546876381770485947&amp;isPopup=true' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/6546876381770485947'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/6546876381770485947'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/10/sargent-e-sims-nobel-para-fresh-water.html' title='Sargent e Sims: Nobel para &quot;Fresh Water Economics&quot;'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-1000166753743097254</id><published>2011-10-10T09:22:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2011-10-10T09:22:04.000-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Thomas Sargent'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Chris Sims'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Prêmio Nobel de Economia'/><title type='text'>Nobel em Economia 2011</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/2011/index.html"&gt;Saiu para o Thomas Sargent e o Christopher Sims&lt;/a&gt;. Errei minha previsão novamente, vou tentar sorte melhor na Mega Sena desta quinta. Mas não custa mencionar que um dos artigos do Sargent que mais influenciou minha maneira de pensar em economia, ainda nos anos 80 - época da inflação louca no Brasil e da reprodução em escala ampliada de algumas teorias bizarras de inflação em boa parte das universidades brasileiras - &lt;a href="http://www.minneapolisfed.org/research/qr/qr531.pdf"&gt;é este aqui, sobre a desagradável aritmética monetarista.&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-1000166753743097254?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/1000166753743097254/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=1000166753743097254&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/1000166753743097254'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/1000166753743097254'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/10/nobel-em-economia-2011.html' title='Nobel em Economia 2011'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-8536457488514247516</id><published>2011-10-10T05:26:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2011-10-10T05:26:26.302-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='desenvolvimento econômico'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Política industrial'/><title type='text'>Desenvolvimento Econômico e Política Industrial</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://econ.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTDEC/0,,contentMDK:23013625%7EpagePK:64165401%7EpiPK:64165026%7EtheSitePK:469372,00.html"&gt;Na conferência sobre transformação estrutural e crescimento econômico&lt;/a&gt;, promovida pelo Banco Mundial, leitura obrigatória é o artigo de Philippe Aghion e associados, "&lt;a href="http://siteresources.worldbank.org/DEC/Resources/84797-1288039483669/7501129-1317230860662/Industrial_Policy.pdf"&gt;Industrial Policy and Competition&lt;/a&gt;".&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-8536457488514247516?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/8536457488514247516/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=8536457488514247516&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/8536457488514247516'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/8536457488514247516'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/10/desenvolvimento-economico-e-politica.html' title='Desenvolvimento Econômico e Política Industrial'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-8484167852478691962</id><published>2011-10-10T05:17:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2011-10-10T05:17:39.977-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Nobel'/><title type='text'>Hoje Sai o Nobel em Economia</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://gregmankiw.blogspot.com/2011/10/nobel-speculation.html"&gt;Bons nomes (isto não é novidade) nas bolsas de apostas.&lt;/a&gt; Mas minhas preferências para este ano são Anne Krueger e Gordon Tullock ou Robert Barro e Paul Romer.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-8484167852478691962?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/8484167852478691962/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=8484167852478691962&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/8484167852478691962'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/8484167852478691962'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/10/hoje-sai-o-nobel-em-economia.html' title='Hoje Sai o Nobel em Economia'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-1404948959115670174</id><published>2011-10-08T19:39:00.001-03:00</published><updated>2011-10-08T19:57:18.958-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='humor'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Stiglitz'/><title type='text'>Joseph Stiglitz Imita "A Vida de Brian"</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://nymag.com/daily/intel/2011/10/joe_stiglitz_speaks_to_the_peo.html"&gt;Engraçadíssimo&lt;/a&gt;. (HT: Tyler Cowen)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-1404948959115670174?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/1404948959115670174/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=1404948959115670174&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/1404948959115670174'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/1404948959115670174'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/10/joseph-stiglitz-reedita-vida-de-brian.html' title='Joseph Stiglitz Imita &quot;A Vida de Brian&quot;'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-2915778177757104286</id><published>2011-10-08T19:31:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2011-10-08T19:31:55.930-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='macroeconomia'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='IS-LM'/><title type='text'>Mais Sobre IS-LM</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/10/08/ah-yes-lm-wonkish/"&gt;Paul Krugman defende o modelo pela sua simplicidade&lt;/a&gt; (vale a pena ler o artigo do Krugman citado por ele neste seu post), apesar de não ter microfundamentos sólidos (na verdade, a LM tem). &lt;a href="http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/10/08/ah-yes-lm-wonkish/"&gt;Greg Mankiw também toma partido do IS-LM&lt;/a&gt;, mas porque provê a base para entender a economia de modelos mais sofisticados (leia-se DSGE). É bem verdade que, para entender a atuação de Bancos Centrais, a LM é dispensável e substituida pela RPM (regra de política monetária), &lt;a href="http://elsa.berkeley.edu/%7Edromer/papers/text2006.pdf"&gt;como neste artigo de David Romer&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Toda esta discussão reflete o famoso &lt;i&gt;trade-off&lt;/i&gt; em ciência entre simplicidade e completude. Modelos mais simples (no caso, IS-LM) capturam poucos elementos e relações da realidade complexa, mas são mais fáceis de entender e de gerar proposições úteis. Modelos mais completos (no caso, DSGE), podem estabelecer mais relações entre variáveis relevantes, mas às custas de maior dificuldade de interpretação (em modelos dinâmicos mais complicados de expectativas racionais, a melhor chance do pesquisador é com simulações e interpretações baseadas em funções impulso resposta) e nem sempre melhor aderência empírica. &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_physics"&gt;Este trade-off aparece também em física&lt;/a&gt;, onde convivem o modelo simples (clássica - Newton), que gera interpretações e mais proposições úteis, e o modelo sofisticado (relatividade - Einstein), que é mais preciso porém muitas vezes desnecessariamente complicado. Qual dos dois é melhor, o mais simples ou o mais completo? Isto depende do problema em questão e, obviamente, das preferências do pesquisador.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-2915778177757104286?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/2915778177757104286/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=2915778177757104286&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/2915778177757104286'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/2915778177757104286'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/10/mais-sobre-is-lm.html' title='Mais Sobre IS-LM'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-2601047141475600499</id><published>2011-10-06T16:24:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2011-10-06T16:24:18.591-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Restrições auto-impostas'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='vida na Universidade'/><title type='text'>Na Mosca!</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,nada-se-compara-a-universidade-americana-diz-fhc,780809,0.htm"&gt;Do Estadão:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;O ex-presidente Fernando Henrique Cardoso disse nesta segunda-feira que o  modelo americano de universidade é o melhor do mundo. "Nada se equivale  à universidade americana", disse, em palestra organizada pela Fundação  Estudar para divulgar Yale a estudantes brasileiros. Para FHC, a  principal vantagem das instituições dos EUA é estarem conectadas a  empresas e governos. "Lá, as universidades levantam pontes com o mundo  empresarial e com a administração pública, e reconhecem que as boas  ideias também podem vir de fora. No Brasil, a universidade é um bunker  com medo de ser comprada pela empresa ou cooptada pelo governo",  afirmou. "Assim, não cumpre sua função social maior, que é a de formar  lideranças." &lt;/i&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-2601047141475600499?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/2601047141475600499/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=2601047141475600499&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/2601047141475600499'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/2601047141475600499'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/10/na-mosca.html' title='Na Mosca!'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-4113799689521844310</id><published>2011-10-06T16:14:00.001-03:00</published><updated>2011-10-06T16:19:06.833-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='empreendedorismo'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Steve Jobs'/><title type='text'>Steve Jobs</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-oQCFwJwUyfo/To3_ITvR0oI/AAAAAAAAAME/H6tleSf6zAI/s1600/homenagem-jobs.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-oQCFwJwUyfo/To3_ITvR0oI/AAAAAAAAAME/H6tleSf6zAI/s320/homenagem-jobs.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rodrigoconstantino.blogspot.com/2011/10/o-legado-de-steve-jobs.html"&gt;Excelente artigo de Rodrigo Constantino sobre Steve Jobs&lt;/a&gt;. Eu apenas gostaria de enfatizar que seu grande mérito foi ter feito fortuna inovando e melhorando a vida dos outros, o que é a essência do empreendedorismo de livre mercado. Em seu artigo, Constantino conclui corretamente:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"&lt;i&gt;Por fim, resta uma reflexão para nós brasileiros. Infelizmente, com este  arcabouço institucional e cultural que temos, dificilmente seríamos  capazes de “produzir” um Steve Jobs, ou algo parecido. Tivesse nascido  por aqui, mesmo com toda a sua visão inovadora e sua incrível  persistência, provavelmente Jobs seria massacrado pelos obstáculos  criados pelo governo no processo. Que o legado de Steve Jobs nos sirva  como alimento para esta reflexão necessária&lt;/i&gt;."&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-4113799689521844310?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/4113799689521844310/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=4113799689521844310&amp;isPopup=true' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/4113799689521844310'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/4113799689521844310'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/10/steve-jobs.html' title='Steve Jobs'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-oQCFwJwUyfo/To3_ITvR0oI/AAAAAAAAAME/H6tleSf6zAI/s72-c/homenagem-jobs.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-7845265654440748586</id><published>2011-10-05T08:42:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2011-10-05T08:42:38.901-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='rent-seeking'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='mal-feitos'/><title type='text'>Empreendedorismo no Brasil</title><content type='html'>&lt;table summary="detalhe notícia"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://clippingmp.planejamento.gov.br/cadastros/noticias/2011/7/6/capital-de-empresa-de-filho-de-ministro-cresce-86-500"&gt;MP INVESTIGA FILHO DE MINISTRO&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;                  &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr class="clipping-generico"&gt;                      &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;                  &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr class="clipping-generico"&gt;                      &lt;td&gt;O Globo - 06/07/2011&lt;/td&gt;                  &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;          &lt;td&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;OMinistério Público Federal Federal está  investigando suposto enriquecimento ilícito de Gustavo Morais Pereira,  arquiteto de 27 anos, filho do ministro dos Transportes, Alfredo  Nascimento. Dois anos após ser criada com um capital social de R$60 mil,  a Forma Construções, uma das empresas de Gustavo, amealhou um  patrimônio de mais de R$50 milhões, um crescimento de 86.500%. As  investigações podem complicar ainda mais a situação do ministro, que,  desde sábado, tem sido obrigado a se explicar sobre o suposto  envolvimento de seus principais assessores com corrupção.&lt;br /&gt;As investigações começaram ano passado, a partir de um nebuloso  negócio entre Pereira e a SC Carvalho Transportes e Construções, empresa  beneficiária de recursos do Ministério dos Transportes. Em 2007, a SC  Transportes repassou R$450 mil ao filho do ministro, conforme documentos  em poder da Procuradoria da República do Amazonas. Nesse mesmo ano, a  empresa recebeu R$3 milhões do Fundo da Marinha Mercante, administrado  pelo Ministério dos Transportes para incentivar a renovação da frota do  país. Em 2008, a empresa ganhou mais R$4,2 milhões.&lt;br /&gt;Os repasses do ministério à empresa estão registrados no Portal da  Transparência, do governo federal. O Ministério Público abriu  investigação para apurar se houve conflito de interesse nas decisões do  ministério chefiado por Nascimento e os benefícios pagos à empresa que  negociou com o filho do ministro:&lt;br /&gt;- O que nos causou estranheza foi o fato de uma empresa de um dos  amigos do ministro receber grandes valores (do ministério) e depois  fazer negócio com o filho do ministro - disse ao GLOBO um dos  investigadores do caso.&lt;br /&gt;MP ainda decide se ministro deve depor&lt;br /&gt;A SC Transportes está em nome de Marcílio Carvalho e Claudomiro  Picanço Carvalho. Em 2006, um ano antes da SC receber R$3 milhões do  Ministério dos Transportes, Picanço doou R$100 mil à campanha de  Nascimento ao Senado, como registrado no Tribunal Superior Eleitoral  (TSE). O empresário foi o principal doador da campanha do ministro.  Picanço também doou R$12 mil ao PR, então chamado de PL. Marcílio é  marido de Auxiliadora Carvalho, nomeada pelo ministro para chefiar o  Departamento Nacional de Infraestrutura de Transportes (Dnit) no  Amazonas e em Roraima.&lt;br /&gt;O Ministério Público ouviu Gustavo. Ele disse que o dinheiro recebido  da SC Transporte é fruto da venda de um imóvel. As explicações não  convenceram. O Ministério Público estranhou o crescimento patrimonial do  arquiteto. Em 2005, aos 21 anos, ele e dois sócios fundaram a Forma  Construções. Em 2007, a empresa declarou patrimônio de R$52,3 milhões em  documentos da Receita Federal. Um ano antes, os ativos somavam R$17,7  milhões.&lt;br /&gt;Em grande ofensiva no mercado imobiliário do Amazonas, a empresa  construiu em curto período um conjunto de 86 casas de alto padrão e um  prédio comercial de 20 andares, num bairro nobre de Manaus. A  investigação, ainda não concluída, aponta indícios de patrimônio  incompatível com a renda declarada por Gustavo. O Ministério Público  ainda estuda se chamará Nascimento para depor.&lt;br /&gt;O ministro confirmou o negócio do filho com a SC Transportes, mas  negou irregularidades na transação e informou que "o depósito a que O  GLOBO se refere decorre da venda de imóvel, transação registrada na  declaração de Imposto de Renda", disse por e-mail. Negou ainda ter  ligações com os donos da SC Transportes.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-7845265654440748586?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/7845265654440748586/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=7845265654440748586&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/7845265654440748586'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/7845265654440748586'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/10/empreendedorismo-no-brasil.html' title='Empreendedorismo no Brasil'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-6723793337651913093</id><published>2011-10-04T07:14:00.001-03:00</published><updated>2011-10-04T07:14:27.487-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='economia'/><title type='text'>Economia nos Próximos Dez Anos</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www.economicprincipals.com/issues/2011.10.02/1296.html?"&gt;Os grandes desafios que irão dominar a pesquisa em economia&lt;/a&gt;, conforme um grupo de economistas de renome convidados pelo National Science Foundation.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-6723793337651913093?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/6723793337651913093/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=6723793337651913093&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/6723793337651913093'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/6723793337651913093'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/10/economia-nos-proximos-dez-anos.html' title='Economia nos Próximos Dez Anos'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-7469490119141569090</id><published>2011-10-04T07:06:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2011-10-04T07:06:05.059-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Tyler Cowen'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Scott Sumner'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='macroeconomia'/><title type='text'>Por Que Eu Não Gosto do Modelo IS-LM</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2011/10/why-i-do-not-like-the-is-lm-model.html"&gt;Tyler Cowen&lt;/a&gt; e &lt;a href="http://www.themoneyillusion.com/?p=915"&gt;Scott Sumner&lt;/a&gt; explicam.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-7469490119141569090?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/7469490119141569090/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=7469490119141569090&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/7469490119141569090'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/7469490119141569090'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/10/por-que-eu-nao-gosto-do-modelo-is-lm.html' title='Por Que Eu Não Gosto do Modelo IS-LM'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-8414276956218853811</id><published>2011-09-26T18:43:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2011-09-26T18:43:11.416-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Russ Roberts'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='tragédia dos comuns'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Elinor Ostrom'/><title type='text'>A Tragédia dos Comuns: Versão Musical</title><content type='html'>"Good for me, good for you, bad for us" é a essência da tragédia dos comuns, bem capturada pelo refrão da música (a letra segue abaixo) . &lt;a href="http://wn.com/the_tragedy_of_the_commons"&gt;Mais videos interessantes sobre o tema estão aqui&lt;/a&gt;, com uma aula da Elinor Ostrom e o Stossel Show com o economista Russ Roberts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;object style="height: 390px; width: 640px;"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/fNhr2RNhw5w?version=3"&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/fNhr2RNhw5w?version=3" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true" allowScriptAccess="always" width="640" height="360"&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The commons give good grazing to my sheep&lt;br /&gt;It gives me wool and meat so very cheap&lt;br /&gt;They also give good grazing to my sheep&lt;br /&gt;It gives me meat and wool and real good sleep!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Good for me (good for you) and good for you (good for me)&lt;br /&gt;But it is bad, bad, bad, bad, bad for us&lt;br /&gt;Good for me (good for you) and good for you (good for me)&lt;br /&gt;But it is bad and thats the tragedy of the commons &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The sea has always given me my fish&lt;br /&gt;Its my old ecological niche&lt;br /&gt;The ocean gives me too what I could wish&lt;br /&gt;of tuna, cod and yummy seafood quiche&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Right for me (right for you) and right for you (right for me)&lt;br /&gt;But its wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong for us&lt;br /&gt;Right for me (right for you) and right for you (right for me)&lt;br /&gt;But it is wrong and thats the tragedy of the commons&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Well Im so glad I have this atmosphere&lt;br /&gt;Where I can put my exhausts! Lovely, dear! &lt;br /&gt;And I can use the same old sea of air&lt;br /&gt;I burn my gas and this is only fair  (So we can share!)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fine for me (fine for you) and fine for you (fine for me)&lt;br /&gt;Yeah, but it sucks, sucks, sucks, sucks, sucks for us&lt;br /&gt;Fine for me (fine for you) and fine for you (fine for me)&lt;br /&gt;Yeah but it sucks and thats the tragedy of the commons&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So what shall we do about it? The tragedy of the commons&lt;br /&gt;(Can we see whats good for us?)&lt;br /&gt;Transparency (We can see whats good for us)&lt;br /&gt;and awareness (We can see whats good for us)&lt;br /&gt;Common rules (We can do whats good for us)&lt;br /&gt;made by ourselves (really do whats good for us)&lt;br /&gt;Whats good for us is good for me (So whats the buzz? Whats the fuss?)&lt;br /&gt;But whats good for me may not be good for us (gotta do whats good for us!)&lt;br /&gt;Thank you elinor ostrom (you made us see whats good for us)&lt;br /&gt;A pool of water, a pool of air, (We can see whats good for us)&lt;br /&gt;a pool of fish we all must share (We can see whats good for us)&lt;br /&gt;An Atmosphere a lithosphere (We can see whats good for us)&lt;br /&gt;A Hydrosphere, a biosphere (We can see whats good for us)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-8414276956218853811?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/8414276956218853811/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=8414276956218853811&amp;isPopup=true' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/8414276956218853811'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/8414276956218853811'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/09/tragedia-dos-comuns-versao-musical.html' title='A Tragédia dos Comuns: Versão Musical'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-7343404087564866770</id><published>2011-09-23T11:35:00.001-03:00</published><updated>2011-09-23T11:38:10.429-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='protection for sale'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='nacional desenvolvimentismo'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='rent-seeking'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='escolha pública'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='subdesenvolvimento é um estado mental'/><title type='text'>Criação de Barreiras à Entrada no Mercado Automobilístico: Venda de Proteção ou Política Industrial?</title><content type='html'>Por que não estou surpreso? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;São Paulo - A montadora chinesa &lt;a href="http://exame.abril.com.br/topicos/JAC" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;b&gt;JAC Motors&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;  congelou a abertura de fábrica no Brasil e considera que o aumento da  alíquota do Imposto sobre Produtos Industrializados (IPI) fere as  diretrizes da Organização Mundial do Comércio (OMC), diz reportagem do  jornal Folha de S.Paulo nesta sexta-feira. De acordo com o texto, o  investimento previsto era de US$ 600 milhões para produzir 100 mil  veículos por ano.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Segundo uma resposta por escrito da JAC à Folha, a política do governo  brasileiro em aumentar o IPI é "descontínua, irracional e parcial". Para  a empresa, O Brasil abalou a confiança das empresas chinesas no país,  uma vez que a montadora foi a que mais vendeu carros neste ano, cerca de  14,5 mil.&lt;br /&gt;No mês de agosto, a JAC Motors anunciou uma nova fábrica prevista para  2014. De acordo com a companhia, seriam gerados 3.500 empregos diretos e  mais 10 mil indiretos.&lt;br /&gt;A JAC afirmou que o impacto no imposto visa a acabar com a concorrência  justa e que não há subsídios para os carros chineses no Brasil.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;No dia 16 de setembro, o governo publicou um &lt;a href="http://exame.abril.com.br/economia/noticias/decreto-regulamenta-ipi-maior-para-carro-importado"&gt;decreto no Diário Oficial&lt;/a&gt;  aumentando o IPI para carros importados, o que pode alterar em até 28% o  preço final de carros feitos fora do Brasil. Pelos termos, as medidas  beneficiam montadoras que chegaram há mais tempo ao Brasil e que  estabeleceram estruturas produtivas, como é o caso de Volkswagen, Fiat,  General Motors e Ford.&lt;br /&gt;As regras afetam principalmente as montadoras asiáticas JAC, Chery e Kia. (&lt;a href="http://exame.abril.com.br/negocios/empresas/noticias/jac-interrompe-abertura-de-fabrica-brasileira-e-critica-aumento-do-ipi"&gt;link para o texto aqui&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-lQFxJPkpbhM/TnyYaIjWKWI/AAAAAAAAAMA/mm_7T2rizOs/s1600/mafia.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-lQFxJPkpbhM/TnyYaIjWKWI/AAAAAAAAAMA/mm_7T2rizOs/s1600/mafia.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-7343404087564866770?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/7343404087564866770/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=7343404087564866770&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/7343404087564866770'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/7343404087564866770'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/09/criacao-de-barreiras-entrada-no-mercado.html' title='Criação de Barreiras à Entrada no Mercado Automobilístico: Venda de Proteção ou Política Industrial?'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-lQFxJPkpbhM/TnyYaIjWKWI/AAAAAAAAAMA/mm_7T2rizOs/s72-c/mafia.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-8677904113784261676</id><published>2011-09-15T22:44:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2011-09-15T22:44:55.877-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Mancur Olson'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='escolha pública'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='subdesenvolvimento é um estado mental'/><title type='text'>O Melhor Parceiro</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-r4EmETugus8/TnKoLoqcYaI/AAAAAAAAAL8/VPPisqURSGs/s1600/Dilma+com+Sarney+De+Bra%25C3%25A7os.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-r4EmETugus8/TnKoLoqcYaI/AAAAAAAAAL8/VPPisqURSGs/s1600/Dilma+com+Sarney+De+Bra%25C3%25A7os.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/nacional,o-pmdb-e-o-parceiro-fundamental-do-meu-governo-diz-dilma,773084,0.htm"&gt;"É hora de fazer cada vez mais", disse a Presidente.&lt;/a&gt; Mas quem irá pagar a conta?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-8677904113784261676?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/8677904113784261676/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=8677904113784261676&amp;isPopup=true' title='2 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/8677904113784261676'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/8677904113784261676'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/09/o-melhor-parceiro.html' title='O Melhor Parceiro'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-r4EmETugus8/TnKoLoqcYaI/AAAAAAAAAL8/VPPisqURSGs/s72-c/Dilma+com+Sarney+De+Bra%25C3%25A7os.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-5061354125538479863</id><published>2011-09-15T22:14:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2011-09-15T22:14:39.318-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='febeapá'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='substituição de importações'/><title type='text'>Na Contra-Mão</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9AkszgH52Qc/TnKgj0qnZrI/AAAAAAAAAL4/DfraOsAtuvQ/s1600/wrong-way-sign.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9AkszgH52Qc/TnKgj0qnZrI/AAAAAAAAAL4/DfraOsAtuvQ/s320/wrong-way-sign.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a href="http://economia.estadao.com.br/noticias/economia%20brasil,governo-eleva-ipi-de-veiculo-de-sem-conteudo-nacional,84313,0.htm"&gt;Governo eleva IPI de veículo sem conteúdo nacional&lt;/a&gt;. Aumentando os preços dos importados, o governo acredita estar representando os consumidores indignados com menores preços nas lojas. "Droga", dizem eles. "O preço do automóvel caiu de novo. Tem agora mais marcas de melhor qualidade. A Dilma precisa fazer alguma coisa! Senão, daqui a pouco, teremos que pagar preços internacionais pelos nossos carros!".&amp;nbsp;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-5061354125538479863?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/5061354125538479863/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=5061354125538479863&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/5061354125538479863'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/5061354125538479863'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/09/na-contra-mao.html' title='Na Contra-Mão'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9AkszgH52Qc/TnKgj0qnZrI/AAAAAAAAAL4/DfraOsAtuvQ/s72-c/wrong-way-sign.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-3903075890895679519</id><published>2011-09-03T18:26:00.003-03:00</published><updated>2011-09-04T07:46:30.191-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Jackson Hole'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='desenvolvimento econômico'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='vantagens comparativas'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Yifu Lin'/><title type='text'>Balanço de Jackson Hole</title><content type='html'>Para o leitor desavisado deste blog, o título deste post não se refere ao título de um filme pornô, mas à avaliação do encontro anual de central bankers e economistas em Jackson Hole, Wyoming, feita por &lt;a href="http://blogs.worldbank.org/developmenttalk/bears-boots-and-long-run-growth"&gt;Justin Yifu Lin&lt;/a&gt;. Como um expert em desenvolvimento econômico, vale a pena ressaltar esta passagem:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"&lt;i&gt;Esther Duflo, meanwhile, posited that a long term strategy to balance  growth with equity should entail policies that maximize the chance for  the poor to fully participate in markets. Her &lt;a href="http://www.kansascityfed.org/publicat/sympos/2011/2011.Duflo.Paper.pdf"&gt;paper&lt;/a&gt;  describes market failures in finance, insurance, land, and education in  developing countries, and discusses what is known, and not known, about  how best to tackle them.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;My view is that fixing all those market failures that are biased  against poorer people might not be sufficient. Poor people’s income  comes mostly from their labor earnings, while the rich people derive a  large portion of their income from capital. If a developing country can  follow its comparative advantage and starts its structural  transformation by developing labor-intensive industries, the poor will  have&amp;nbsp; better employment opportunities, the economy will be competitive  and dynamic, labor will turn from relatively abundant to relatively  scarce, and the increase in wage rates will be much faster than the  return to capital. In this way, the country may achieve growth with  equity as Japan, Korea, Taiwan-China, and Singapore achieved during  their catching up process."&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-3903075890895679519?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/3903075890895679519/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=3903075890895679519&amp;isPopup=true' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/3903075890895679519'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/3903075890895679519'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/09/balanco-de-jackson-hole.html' title='Balanço de Jackson Hole'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-9120101096029645090</id><published>2011-08-28T14:05:00.002-03:00</published><updated>2011-08-28T14:10:31.584-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='inclusão social'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Capitalismo'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='inovação'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='corporativismo'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Edmund Phelps'/><title type='text'>Em Busca do Bom Capitalismo</title><content type='html'>O bom capitalismo é aquele onde direitos de propriedade são bem definidos e garantidos, contratos são respeitados e executados com o auxílio de um judiciário independente e com poder para fazer prevalecer o estado de direito, não existem barreiras à entrada para novas firmas e inovação é estimulada. O mau capitalismo é o corporativismo clássico, de inspiração Mussoliniana, onde o governo dirige corporações do setor privado com o intuito de promover solidariedade entre classes e outros objetivos sociais. O problema deste último é que esta orquestração estatal fatalmente leva a exclusão social e perda de dinamismo da economia, pois é caracterizada pela venda de proteção às classes bem conectadas e pela criação de barreiras à inovação e mudança social. &lt;a href="http://www.mediatheque.lindau-nobel.org/#/Video?id=621"&gt;Estes são os temas da ótima palestra do Edmund Phelps.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;iframe frameborder="0" height="185px" src="http://www.mediatheque.lindau-nobel.org/EmbeddedPlayer.aspx?id=621" width="330px"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-9120101096029645090?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/9120101096029645090/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=9120101096029645090&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/9120101096029645090'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/9120101096029645090'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/08/em-busca-do-bom-capitalismo.html' title='Em Busca do Bom Capitalismo'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-7926456921739517894</id><published>2011-08-27T19:43:00.001-03:00</published><updated>2011-08-28T14:07:02.101-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='teoria macroeconômica'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Stglitz'/><title type='text'>Repensando a Teoria Macroeconômica</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www.mediatheque.lindau-nobel.org/#/Video?id=622"&gt;Excelente palestra do Stiglitz.&lt;/a&gt; O argumento central é que os&lt;i&gt; insights&lt;/i&gt; da moderna microeconomia não foram incorporados na macroeconomia. (HT Mark Thoma)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;iframe width="330px" height="185px" src="http://www.mediatheque.lindau-nobel.org/EmbeddedPlayer.aspx?id=622" frameborder="0"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-7926456921739517894?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/7926456921739517894/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=7926456921739517894&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/7926456921739517894'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/7926456921739517894'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/08/repensando-teoria-macroeconomica.html' title='Repensando a Teoria Macroeconômica'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-423750312542798905</id><published>2011-08-18T14:33:00.002-03:00</published><updated>2011-08-18T14:35:37.872-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Europa'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='liderança'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='EUA'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='crise econômica'/><title type='text'>A Falta Que Boa Liderança Faz</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/2b9dab2e-c817-11e0-9501-00144feabdc0.html#ixzz1VP1ZOQIb"&gt;Do Jeffrey Sachs, no Financial Times&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: transparent; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;"&gt;"&lt;i&gt;The  last missing piece for any recovery, however, is clarity of purpose  from the political class. In Europe, a coherent response led by the  European Union has been sidelined to policymaking by national  governments – the &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;amp;postID=423750312542798905&amp;amp;from=pencil" title="FT - Merkel and Sarkozy pledge to defend euro"&gt;pact between France and Germany&lt;/a&gt;  being only the latest example. For months, Europe’s fate has been  decided by German state elections and small Finnish parties. The  European Central Bank has been so divided that it too has neglected core  functions of stabilising panicked markets. There is no way the euro can  survive if European-wide institutions continue to be so weak, slow and  divided. &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_944201301"&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;The US has similarly devolved into a mélange of sector, class, and  regional interests. President Barack Obama is the incredibly shrinking  leader, waiting to see whether Congressional power barons will call.  More generally, the US cannot prosper while its politicians go hat in  hand to the vested interests that finance their nonstop campaigning. &lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;The recent swoon in financial markets and the stalled recovery in the US and Europe reflect these fundamental shortcomings. There is no growth strategy, only the hope that scared and debt-burdened consumers will return to buying houses they don’t need and can’t afford. Sadly, these global economic currents will continue to claim jobs and drain capital until there is a revival of bold, concerted leadership. In the meantime, the markets will gyrate in pangs of uncertainty.&lt;/i&gt;" &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-423750312542798905?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/423750312542798905/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=423750312542798905&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/423750312542798905'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/423750312542798905'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/08/falta-que-faz-boa-lideranca.html' title='A Falta Que Boa Liderança Faz'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-1663866299771218492</id><published>2011-08-16T23:05:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2011-08-16T23:05:14.230-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='estímulos fiscais'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='retórica da economia'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Paul Krugman'/><title type='text'>Paul Krugman: Uma (Falsa) Invasão de Alienígenas Pode Salvar o Mundo!</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;object width="320" height="266" class="BLOGGER-youtube-video" classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0" data-thumbnail-src="http://0.gvt0.com/vi/E1Fzzs7oVaA/0.jpg"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/E1Fzzs7oVaA&amp;fs=1&amp;source=uds" /&gt;&lt;param name="bgcolor" value="#FFFFFF" /&gt;&lt;embed width="320" height="266"  src="http://www.youtube.com/v/E1Fzzs7oVaA&amp;fs=1&amp;source=uds" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ok, estou sendo sensacionalista para atrair audiência. Mas o vídeo acima confirma o título do post. Vamos então às minhas interpretações. Em macroeconomia, Krugman é um velho-keynesiano, da legítima linhagem do Hicks. Em comércio internacional, um merecedor do prêmio Nobel, mas como velho keynesiano, ele abusa da retórica de que quaisquer gastos do governo estimulam a economia, mesmo aqueles que não têm taxa de retorno positiva. O próprio Keynes pode ser acusado deste pecado, com seu exemplo famoso de que contratar trabalhadores para buscar notas de dólar dentro de garrafas em minas aumenta a demanda agregada &lt;strike&gt;(fazer link a referências)&lt;/strike&gt;. Note que, no vídeo acima, Ken Rogoff sugere investir em infraestrutura, que eu concordo como sendo mais razoável do que caçar alienígenas para estimular a demanda agregada.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O ponto fundamental é o seguinte: em uma economia com recursos econômicos sem ocupação (como no caso de uma recessão) faz algum sentido mobilizar recursos com maiores gastos, inclusive do governo. Só que na época de Keynes (e aí eu acho que Keynes não seria "keynesiano" para tratar dos problemas atuais) governos não estavam altamente endividados nem inflação era um problema. A presença de pelo menos um destes dois fatores muda radicalmente a terapia de Keynes. Um governo altamente endividado aumenta a desconfiança da sociedade a respeito de sua capacidade ou determinação de honrar com seus compromissos no futuro, o que mina os efeitos dos "estímulos fiscais" (aumento dos gastos para estimular a economia) no presente.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Como "velho keynesiano", Paul Krugman desconsidera (pelo menos retoricamente) a importância de credibilidade e confiança nas políticas de governo. O problema econômico americano hoje é um problema de confiança: sua classe política está cada vez mais parecida com a brasileira (o termo que eles usam volta e meia é "brazilianization"), cada vez mais comprometida com os grupos de interesse que a apoia e cada vez menos comprometida com o bem estar da sociedade como um todo &lt;strike&gt;(inserir link para a escola de escolha pública, que trata políticos como indivíduos maximizadores de utilidade pessoal e não da utilidade da sociedade)&lt;/strike&gt;. E as declarações do Krugman, de combate a alienígenas, não ajudam a construir credibilidade em uma sociedade mal versada nas nuances da teoria econômica moderna. Afinal, quem vai confiar em um governo cujos economistas sugerem caçar alienígenas para estimular a economia?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-1663866299771218492?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/1663866299771218492/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=1663866299771218492&amp;isPopup=true' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/1663866299771218492'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/1663866299771218492'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/08/paul-krugman-uma-falsa-invasao-de.html' title='Paul Krugman: Uma (Falsa) Invasão de Alienígenas Pode Salvar o Mundo!'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-8567687243394617177</id><published>2011-08-14T08:05:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2011-08-14T08:05:49.556-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='crise fiscal'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='crise da dívida'/><title type='text'>Lições da História e a Dívida Americana</title><content type='html'>Os EUA passam hoje por uma crise de confiança, que pode levar a uma crise de liquidez (como Itália e Espanha) e com menor probabilidade a uma crise de solvência. &lt;a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/14/business/economy/from-world-war-ii-economic-lessons-for-today.html?_r=1"&gt;Christina Romer&lt;/a&gt; parece sugerir como evitar que a crise de confiança degenere em coisas piores, buscando lições da Grande Depressão e da Segunda Guerra Mundial:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"&lt;i&gt;Finally, what about the &lt;a class="meta-classifier" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/topics/reference/timestopics/subjects/n/national_debt_us/index.html?inline=nyt-classifier" title="More articles about the national debt."&gt;national debt&lt;/a&gt;?  Given the recent debt downgrade, it might seem impossible for the  United States to embark on fiscal stimulus that would increase its ratio  of debt to G.D.P.        &lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt; Well, at the end of World War II, that &lt;a href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/Historicals" title="Ratio statistics (Table 7.1)."&gt;ratio hit 109 percent&lt;/a&gt;  — one and a half times as high as it is now. Yet this had no obvious  adverse consequences for growth or our ability to borrow.        &lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt; This isn’t hard to explain. Everyone understood then why the nation was  racking up so much debt: we were fighting for survival, and for the  survival of our allies. No one doubted that we would repay our debts. We  had done it after every other war, and raising taxes even before the  attack on Pearl Harbor showed our leaders’ fiscal resolve.        &lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt; Today, we can do much more to aid recovery, including a near-term  increase in our debt. But we need to make the reasons clear and make  concrete our commitment to deal with the debt over time.        &lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt; In place of the tepid budget agreement now in place, we could pass a  bold plan with more short-run spending increases and tax cuts, coupled  with much more serious, phased-in deficit reduction. By necessity, the  plan would tackle entitlement reform and gradually raise tax revenue.  This would be the World War II approach to our problems.        &lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt; Equally important, someone needs to explain to the nation and to world  markets just why we must increase the debt in the short run.  Unemployment of roughly 9 percent for 28 months and counting is a  national emergency. We must fight it with the same passion and  commitment we have brought to military emergencies in our past."&lt;/i&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-8567687243394617177?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/8567687243394617177/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=8567687243394617177&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/8567687243394617177'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/8567687243394617177'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/08/licoes-da-historia-e-divida-americana.html' title='Lições da História e a Dívida Americana'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-864053313809230302</id><published>2011-08-12T09:17:00.001-03:00</published><updated>2011-08-12T09:17:49.041-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Frase do Dia'/><title type='text'>Frase do Dia</title><content type='html'>"Consciência é aquela voz que nos lembra que pode ter alguém olhando"&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-864053313809230302?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/864053313809230302/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=864053313809230302&amp;isPopup=true' title='2 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/864053313809230302'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/864053313809230302'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/08/frase-do-dia.html' title='Frase do Dia'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-1794188454343443863</id><published>2011-08-04T07:28:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2011-08-04T07:28:55.078-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='rent-seeking'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Plano Brasil Maior'/><title type='text'>Representantes da Sociedade Civil, Cara-Pálida?</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www.brasilmaior.mdic.gov.br/noticias/conselheiros-do-cndi-tomam-posse-nesta-terca-2/"&gt;Do site Plano Brasil Maior:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Brasília (2 de agosto)&lt;/strong&gt; – A presidenta da República,  Dilma Rousseff, assinou nesta terça-feira (2) decreto nomeando &lt;b&gt;14 novos  representantes das sociedade civil para compor o Conselho Nacional de  Desenvolvimento Industrial (CNDI)&lt;/b&gt; (&lt;/i&gt;grifo meu&lt;i&gt;), que será o nível de superior de  aconselhamento institucional do Plano Brasil Maior.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;O conselho é formado ainda por 13 ministros, incluindo o ministro do  Desenvolvimento, Indústria e Comércio Exterior, Fernando Pimentel, e  pelo presidente do Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social  (BNDES), nomeados em 2004, ano de criação do CNDI.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Entre os novos conselheiros, estão empresários de diversos setores da  indústria, sindicalistas e presidentes de entidades de classe. Ao lado  dos representantes do poder público, eles terão entre suas atribuições  traçar as orientações estratégicas gerais e subsidiar as atividades do  sistema de gestão da política industrial. O mandato será de dois anos.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Curioso é que o maior grupo da sociedade civil, os consumidores, não está representado. Algo me diz que serão eles que irão pagar a conta do "Plano Brasil Maior".&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-1794188454343443863?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/1794188454343443863/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=1794188454343443863&amp;isPopup=true' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/1794188454343443863'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/1794188454343443863'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/08/representantes-da-sociedade-civil-cara.html' title='Representantes da Sociedade Civil, Cara-Pálida?'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-212005389009049693</id><published>2011-08-04T07:08:00.001-03:00</published><updated>2011-08-04T07:30:52.627-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='rent-seeking'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Plano Brasil Maior'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Política industrial'/><title type='text'>A Política Industrial que Nunca Foi</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/impresso,pacote-industrial-decepciona,753419,0.htm"&gt;OESP&lt;/a&gt; e o &lt;a href="http://mansueto.wordpress.com/2011/08/03/sobre-a-nova-politica-industrial-plano-brasil-maior/"&gt;Mansueto&lt;/a&gt; já fizeram boas avaliações a respeito do &lt;a href="http://www.brasilmaior.mdic.gov.br/"&gt;Plano Brasil Maior&lt;/a&gt;, lançado terça feira. Embora mereça aplausos por iniciar uma discussão a respeito de uma possível política comercial e industrial, ele peca por um ponto essencial: trata-se de um plano mais protecionista do que de estímulo à produtividade. Quando promete desonerar setores escolhidos, admite que vai continuar onerando os demais, quando direciona crédito via bancos estatais (o que se chama de repressão financeira) para os setores escolhidos, encarece o crédito aos demais, e quando dá ênfase a termos como "concorrência desleal" e "guerra cambial", perde o foco nos determinantes da baixa produtividade da indústria doméstica e dos outros setores da economia, que são o elevado peso da carga tributária e os elevados custos de transação e barreiras à entrada oriundos de excesso de legislação. Em suma, tem poucas características de um bom plano de desenvolvimento econômico e representa mais do mesmo, que é a venda de proteção, favorecendo atividades de rent-seeking e desestimulando criação de renda e riqueza.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-212005389009049693?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/212005389009049693/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=212005389009049693&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/212005389009049693'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/212005389009049693'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/08/politica-industrial-que-nunca-foi.html' title='A Política Industrial que Nunca Foi'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-3236388856645044226</id><published>2011-08-03T07:06:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2011-08-03T07:06:52.505-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='derivativos'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='taxa de câmbio'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Regulação de mercados'/><title type='text'>Uma Teoria de Regulação Econômica</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/Regulation.html"&gt;A teoria econômica de regulação de mercados é bem conhecida&lt;/a&gt;. Diz respeito à oferta e demanda de serviços de regulação, que envolvem tanto a motivação de interesse público (correção de "falhas de mercado") quanto a motivação de grupos (captura, burocracia, lobby).&amp;nbsp; Entretanto, ela ignora um componente importante da regulação presente frequentemente nas decisões regulatórias das autoridades brasileiras: A simples ignorância. Então, em complemento à teoria convencional, podemos postular o seguinte:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Regulação de mercados surge quando a autoridade regulatória, que não entende o funcionamento de mercados, não gosta de algum resultado do mercado e visa alterá-lo, dificultando ou mesmo proibindo as transações que acredita terem levado a este resultado. Desta forma, o impacto da regulação é apenas uma elevação de custos de transação e uma redução da eficiência dos mercados".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Garanto que esta ideia não é minha, a li há muito tempo atrás e deve ser do Alchian, do Demsetz ou mesmo do Coase. Evidências empíricas? &lt;a href="http://maovisivel.blogspot.com/2011/08/cambio-rabos-e-cachorros.html"&gt;Bem, o Alex levantou mais uma&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-3236388856645044226?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/3236388856645044226/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=3236388856645044226&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/3236388856645044226'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/3236388856645044226'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/08/uma-teoria-de-regulacao-economica.html' title='Uma Teoria de Regulação Econômica'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-2226300035983602562</id><published>2011-08-01T11:45:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2011-08-01T11:45:06.987-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='vantagens comparativas'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='políticas de desenvolvimento'/><title type='text'>Políticas de Desenvolvimento e Vantagens Comparativas</title><content type='html'>O que pode ocorrer quando um país elabora políticas de desenvolvimento que violam vantagens comparativas? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"&lt;a href="http://en.ccer.edu.cn/download/6401-1.pdf"&gt;In a country that adopts a CAD (Comparative Advantage Defying) strategy, it is likely that in the early stage, the economy will enjoy a period of rapid investment-driven growth. As has been observed, however, in Latin America and many other developing and socialist countries, economic growth will inevitably slow down, leading to eventual stagnation and even frequent crises due to the depletion of economic surplus, which is required for investment arising from the misallocation of resources, suppression of incentives, soft-budget constraints and rent seeking activities.&lt;/a&gt;"&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-2226300035983602562?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/2226300035983602562/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=2226300035983602562&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/2226300035983602562'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/2226300035983602562'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/08/politicas-de-desenvolvimento-e.html' title='Políticas de Desenvolvimento e Vantagens Comparativas'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-7303131565131351271</id><published>2011-07-31T23:30:00.002-03:00</published><updated>2011-07-31T23:37:21.564-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='vantagens comparativas'/><title type='text'>Vantagens Comparativas Para Leigos</title><content type='html'>Era uma vez uma família que tinha dois filhos, John e Paul (na verdade eram quatro, com George e Ringo. Mas estes ficam de fora desta história a título de simplificação). John tinha nove anos, Paul apenas seis e dormiam cada um no seu quarto. Todo dia de manhã, antes de irem para a escola, sua mãe pedia a cada um para&amp;nbsp; arrumar seu quarto, o que envolvia as tarefas de arrumar a cama e guardar os brinquedos. Como eles tinham idades e aptidões físicas diferentes, eles levavam tempos distintos para executar estas tarefas, como mostra a tabela abaixo:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableLightShadingAccent3" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr style="height: 13.55pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: -1;"&gt;   &lt;td style="border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; height: 13.55pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 87.5pt;" valign="top" width="117"&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-yfti-cnfc: 5;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; height: 13.55pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 87.5pt;" valign="top" width="117"&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: #76923c;"&gt;Guardar   Brinquedos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; height: 13.55pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 87.55pt;" valign="top" width="117"&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: #76923c;"&gt;Arrumar   a Cama&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="height: 13.55pt; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"&gt;   &lt;td style="background: #E6EED5; border: none; height: 13.55pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 87.5pt;" valign="top" width="117"&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: #76923c;"&gt;John&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="background: #E6EED5; border: none; height: 13.55pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 87.5pt;" valign="top" width="117"&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #76923c;"&gt;9   min&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="background: #E6EED5; border: none; height: 13.55pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 87.55pt;" valign="top" width="117"&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #76923c;"&gt;8   min&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="height: 14.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"&gt;   &lt;td style="border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border: none; height: 14.15pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 87.5pt;" valign="top" width="117"&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: #76923c;"&gt;Paul&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border: none; height: 14.15pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 87.5pt;" valign="top" width="117"&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #76923c;"&gt;12 min&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border: none; height: 14.15pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 87.55pt;" valign="top" width="117"&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #76923c;"&gt;15 min&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Como John era o mais velho e mais destro, ele conseguia executar as duas tarefas em seu quarto mais rapidamente que seu irmão mais novo. John então gastava 17 minutos enquanto que Paul gastava 27 minutos todo dia nas duas tarefas. O pai deles era um economista convencional, que gostava de contar histórias de economistas famosos à mesa do jantar. John gostava das histórias, e um dia ficou intrigado com a ideia de que trocas voluntárias sempre melhoram a vida das pessoas, que foi a moral da história que seu pai contou naquela noite. Isto não saiu da sua cabeça e ele foi dormir pensando a respeito.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;No dia seguinte, pela manhã, John teve uma ideia e propôs a Paul o seguinte trato: Ele (John) arrumaria as duas camas enquanto que Paul guardaria os brinquedos nos dois quartos. Este trato envolvia uma troca de uma arrumação de cama pela guarda de brinquedos. John passou a gastar 16 minutos nas duas tarefas enquanto que Paul apenas 24 minutos. John economizou um minuto todas as manhãs, enquanto que Paul economizou três minutos por manhã. Ambos gostaram da nova situação pois tinham mais tempo disponível para brincar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O que John e Paul descobriram foram o princípio de vantagens comparativas. John produzia cada uma das tarefas a um custo menor do que Paul, então ele tinha vantagens absolutas nas tarefas. Mas isto não impediu ganhos de trocas, pois John tinha uma vantagem comparativa em relação a Paul em arrumar as camas, pois fazia esta tarefa relativamente mais rápido, enquanto que Paul tinha uma vantagem comparativa para guardar os brinquedos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;John gostou tanto da engenhosidade da sua ideia que contou a seu pai o que aconteceu. Naquela mesma noite, seu pai explicou que o princípio de vantagens comparativas está por trás de todas as boas decisões no que diz respeito a trocas e especialização. Não precisamos fazer tudo o que consumimos, disse ele, podemos nos especializar naquilo que fazemos relativamente melhor e capturar ganhos por meio de trocas. E isto serve também para o comércio entre países: Vários países pequenos são ricos pois praticam comércio internacional e não produzem tudo que precisam. Seu sucesso está baseado na exploração de suas vantagens comparativas, finalizou.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mas o tempo passou, os dois irmãos cresceram e desenvolveram novas aptidões, graças ao tempo extra ganho pelas trocas efetuadas todas as manhãs. John aprendeu a tocar guitarra e Paul piano, e assim desenvolveram novas vantagens comparativas. Eles montaram uma banda e ficaram famosos. Agora, eles não têm mais o problema de guardar os brinquedos, nem arrumam mais as suas camas, pois existem inúmeras fãs dispostas a fazê-lo. John e Paul ficaram ricos explorando suas novas vantagens comparativas, mas isto já é uma outra história.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-7303131565131351271?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/7303131565131351271/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=7303131565131351271&amp;isPopup=true' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/7303131565131351271'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/7303131565131351271'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/07/vantagens-comparativas-para-leigos.html' title='Vantagens Comparativas Para Leigos'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-6733186071139187648</id><published>2011-07-31T22:15:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2011-07-31T22:15:12.293-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Novo Desenvolvimentismo'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='vantagens comparativas'/><title type='text'>Vantagens Comparativas e o Novo Desenvolvimentismo: Nenhuma Ligação ou Simplesmente Violação?</title><content type='html'>A &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_advantage"&gt;teoria de vantagens comparativas&lt;/a&gt; talvez seja a mais difícil de entender, dentre todas da teoria econômica convrencional. Embora sua aplicação seja essencial para criação de valor e expansão de bem-estar, tanto no nível individual como em escala nacional e internacional, é curioso notar que mesmo economistas acadêmicos tenham dificuldades de compreensão, chegando a sugerir políticas de desenvolvimento que simplesmente ignoram a ideia de vantagens comparativas e, o que é pior, violam vantagens comparativas em sua implementação. Tome como exemplo este texto que busca definir o &lt;a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desenvolvimentismo"&gt;desenvolvimentismo brasileiro&lt;/a&gt;. Não há nenhuma menção a vantagens comparativas, mas isto pode ser apenas decorrente de ser um texto bastante simples, contendo uma mistura de declarações de boas intenções com interpretações esquisitas de artigos que, no seu devido contexto, são coerentes (veja, por exemplo, o texto que leva à nota de rodapé 5, leia o artigo citado e tente entender qual é a relação entre uma coisa e outra). Pegue também este outro texto, &lt;a href="http://www.nuso.org/upload/articulos/3444_2.pdf"&gt;de autor novo-desenvolvimentista consagrado&lt;/a&gt;. Cheio de declarações de boas intenções, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacy#Straw_man"&gt;falácias do espantalho&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp; algumas aberrações como sugestão de política (como por exemplo taxar exportações para evitar o câmbio apreciado) e nenhuma referência explícita a vantagens comparativas. Talvez este texto específico não seja uma boa referência, no sentido de melhor descrever o que é o novo desenvolvimentismo, mas busquei alguns outros textos do mesmo autor e o nível do discurso é invariavelmente o mesmo. Espero então contar com a ajuda de algum leitor com indicação de texto melhor sobre o tema. Fica então a pergunta: Pode uma boa teoria de desenvolvimento ignorar ou mesmo violar o princípio de vantagens comparativas?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-6733186071139187648?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/6733186071139187648/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=6733186071139187648&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/6733186071139187648'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/6733186071139187648'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/07/vantagens-comparativas-e-o-novo.html' title='Vantagens Comparativas e o Novo Desenvolvimentismo: Nenhuma Ligação ou Simplesmente Violação?'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-438103859470201273</id><published>2011-07-30T08:50:00.001-03:00</published><updated>2011-07-30T08:51:02.316-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Estratégia de Desenvolvimento'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='vantagens comparativas'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Yifu Lin'/><title type='text'>O Novo Estruturalismo Econômico</title><content type='html'>É a &lt;a href="http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTMACRO/Resources/NewStructuralEconomics_JLin.pdf"&gt;estratégia de desenvolvimento preconizada por Yifu Lin&lt;/a&gt;, Vice-Presidente do Banco Mundial:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"&lt;a href="http://blogs.worldbank.org/developmenttalk/how-to-seize-the-85-million-jobs-bonanza"&gt;Economic development is a process of continuous industrial and technological upgrading in which each country, regardless of its level of development, can succeed if it develops industries that are consistent with its comparative advantage, determined by its endowment structure.&lt;/a&gt;"&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-438103859470201273?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/438103859470201273/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=438103859470201273&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/438103859470201273'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/438103859470201273'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/07/o-novo-estruturalismo-esconomico.html' title='O Novo Estruturalismo Econômico'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-6439020231168252163</id><published>2011-07-29T10:30:00.002-03:00</published><updated>2011-07-29T10:30:40.098-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='humor'/><title type='text'>Bingo!</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://gustibusgustibus.wordpress.com/2011/07/29/para-jogar-durante-as-apresentacoes-de-pterodoxos-da-ala-heterodoxa/"&gt;Para economistas não-progressistas.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-6439020231168252163?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/6439020231168252163/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=6439020231168252163&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/6439020231168252163'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/6439020231168252163'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/07/bingo.html' title='Bingo!'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-1896830661885652510</id><published>2011-07-29T10:24:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2011-07-29T10:24:55.062-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='risco moral'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='crise financeira'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Estados Unidos'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='crise fiscal'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='União Européia'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='crise da dívida'/><title type='text'>Corrida ao Fundo do Poço</title><content type='html'>Entre EUA e Europa, quem está pior? Segundo Simon Johnson, a Europa:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/07/28/which-is-in-worse-shape-u-s-or-europe/"&gt;&lt;i&gt;"In the near term, the Europeans have the bigger problem – and this will only be compounded by slower growth in the United States (home to about one-quarter of the world economy). Over the longer haul, it remains to be seen when and how politicians in the United States will take up the real budget issues. So far, the evidence is not encouraging."&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-1896830661885652510?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/1896830661885652510/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=1896830661885652510&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/1896830661885652510'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/1896830661885652510'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/07/corrida-ao-fundo-do-poco.html' title='Corrida ao Fundo do Poço'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-4317285482091019335</id><published>2011-07-28T07:09:00.001-03:00</published><updated>2011-07-28T18:48:23.154-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Seriedade acadêmica'/><title type='text'>Como Tornar Economia (mais) Relevante</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www.econbrowser.com/archives/2011/07/relevant_econom.html"&gt;James Hamilton comenta&lt;/a&gt; (motivado por um &lt;a href="http://economistsview.typepad.com/economistsview/2011/07/division-over-the-divide.html"&gt;post instigante de Mark Thoma&lt;/a&gt;, que trata da relação entre economistas acadêmicos e outros):&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;"Too many of my colleagues pay too little attention to how markets and  institutions actually function.  The profession and our ability to offer  constructive policy advice are seriously impoverished as a result."&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Da perspectiva dos trópicos, não apenas poucos (quer dizer, menos do que seria desejável) economistas acadêmicos devotam seu tempo de pesquisa para entender o funcionamento real de mercados e de governos, mas como também alunos de pós-graduação têm pouco interesse em desenvolver uma melhor compreensão. Um sintoma típico é quando estes definem seus projetos de dissertação e tese a partir do uso de uma técnica (quero usar métodos não paramétricos para analisar uma série... ou quero usar o matlab para simular a política monetária ótima em uma economia fechada de agentes ricardianos...) em vez de a partir da definição de um problema econômico (como por exemplo, por que a taxa de juros no Brasil é tão alta, ou por que a produtividade no país é tão baixa, ou por que não se consegue investir em infraestrutura, etc.)&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Existe, de fato, entre alunos de pós-graduação, um fascínio natural pelas técnicas, que, diga-se de passagem, são importantes por fazerem parte do arsenal indispensável do economista. O problema não reside no desenvolvimento de competências técnicas, mas na falta de curiosidade de buscar entender melhor a natureza de problemas concretos, o que de certa forma reproduz a postura de seus professores. Sem uma postura mais adequada, continuaremos em debates estéreis sobre questões menos relevantes.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-4317285482091019335?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/4317285482091019335/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=4317285482091019335&amp;isPopup=true' title='2 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/4317285482091019335'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/4317285482091019335'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/07/como-tornar-economia-mais-relevante.html' title='Como Tornar Economia (mais) Relevante'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-3889747697267896912</id><published>2011-07-26T05:01:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2011-07-26T05:01:24.205-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='federalismo preservador de mercados'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Doença Européia'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='crise da dívida'/><title type='text'>A Cura da Doença Européia</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www.voxeu.org/index.php?q=node/6757"&gt;A proposta de Guido Tabellini&lt;/a&gt; envolve a transferência substancial de soberania econômica dos países da União Européia (UE) para as autoridades da UE (a Comissão ou agências regulatórias), com o objetivo de evitar a acumulação insustentável de dívida. A criação de um governo central, cujo principal objetivo é prover seguro aos estados membros associado à imposição de restrições orçamentárias rígidas, aproxima esta proposta da do &lt;a href="http://econpapers.repec.org/article/oupjleorg/v_3a11_3ay_3a1995_3ai_3a1_3ap_3a1-31.htm"&gt;"Federalismo Preservador de Mercados"&lt;/a&gt;, de Barry Weingast. A estruturação de reformas institucionais na Europa com base no &lt;a href="http://www.rau.ro/intranet/JEP/1997/1104/11040083.pdf"&gt;FPM&lt;/a&gt; pode se constituir na cura da doença européia, ao limitar a capacidade dos estados membros de se engajar em políticas predatórias (como a acumulação insustentável de dívidas, por exemplo) favorecendo o fortalecimento de mercados com melhores perspectivas de crescimento econômico.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-3889747697267896912?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/3889747697267896912/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=3889747697267896912&amp;isPopup=true' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/3889747697267896912'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/3889747697267896912'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/07/cura-da-doenca-europeia.html' title='A Cura da Doença Européia'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-4497395163820754394</id><published>2011-07-26T03:42:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2011-07-26T03:42:02.781-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='crescimento econômico'/><title type='text'>O Futuro do Crescimento Econômico do Brasil</title><content type='html'>Se &lt;a href="http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/rodrik58/English"&gt;Dani Rodrik estiver correto,&lt;/a&gt; as perspectivas do país são menos brilhantes do que se imagina. Talvez continuaremos a ser&amp;nbsp;o país do futuro por muito tempo:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;"...igniting and sustaining rapid growth requires something more:  production-oriented policies that stimulate ongoing structural change  and foster employment in new economic activities. Growth that relies on  capital inflows or commodity booms tends to be short-lived. Sustained  growth requires devising incentives to encourage private-sector  investment in new industries – and doing so with minimal corruption and  adequate competence."&lt;/i&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-4497395163820754394?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/4497395163820754394/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=4497395163820754394&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/4497395163820754394'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/4497395163820754394'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/07/o-futuro-do-crescimento-economico-do.html' title='O Futuro do Crescimento Econômico do Brasil'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-4646948615671102327</id><published>2011-07-25T05:30:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2011-07-25T05:30:07.901-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Milton Friedman'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='John Taylor'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='escolha pública'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Keynes'/><title type='text'>Herança Maldita</title><content type='html'>Sobre o legado político das ideias de Keynes, &lt;a href="http://johnbtaylorsblog.blogspot.com/2011/07/what-does-anti-keynesian-mean.html"&gt;de acordo com John Taylor&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"&lt;i&gt;Milton Friedman wrote a wonderful &lt;a href="http://www.wissensnavigator.com/documents/keynesfriedman.pdf"&gt;review essay&lt;/a&gt;  on Keynes’ influence on economics and politics which touches on these  issues and is still well worth reading. Friedman distinguished between  Keynes’ political bequest—the advocacy of discretionary actions taken by  powerful government officials—and his economic bequest—the emphasis on  aggregate demand as a source of business cycle fluctuations. In the last  section of the essay&amp;nbsp;Friedman argues—quoting extensively from Keynes’  famous letter to Hayek on the &lt;i&gt;Road to Serfdom&lt;/i&gt;—that the  political bequest was&amp;nbsp;very harmful while the economic bequest has many  important insights.&lt;/i&gt;"&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-4646948615671102327?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/4646948615671102327/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=4646948615671102327&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/4646948615671102327'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/4646948615671102327'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/07/heranca-maldita.html' title='Herança Maldita'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-8798636097636860736</id><published>2011-07-25T04:54:00.001-03:00</published><updated>2011-07-25T04:55:12.505-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='crise financeira'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Grécia'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='crise fiscal'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='União Européia'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Doença Européia'/><title type='text'>A Doença Européia</title><content type='html'>Doença Européia diz respeito à crise das dívidas soberanas de países membros da União Européia, que pode levar ao contágio, a uma outra crise financeira e a uma nova recessão global. &lt;a href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/so/2011/CAR072211A.htm"&gt;O pacote de auxílio financeiro&lt;/a&gt; à Grécia é útil pois causa um alívio nas tensões econômicas, mas apenas engenharia financeira para tratar do problema é insuficiente, é necessária uma reforma fiscal mais abrangente para tornar sustentáveis as políticas fiscais dos estados membros da UE e ajudar a prover estabilidade macroeconômica à região. Abaixo, a doença européia como vista por alguns dos mais influentes economistas:&lt;br /&gt;- &lt;a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-07-19/how-to-contain-the-european-debt-crisis-giavazzi-and-kashyap.html"&gt;Giavazzi e Kashyap&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;- &lt;a href="http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/roubini40/English"&gt;Nouriel Roubini&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- &lt;a href="http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/rogoff81/English"&gt;Kenneth Rogoff&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- &lt;a href="http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/velasco8/English"&gt;Andres Velasco&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- &lt;a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/10/business/economy/greeces-choices-in-debt-crisis-are-all-daunting-economic-view.html"&gt;Tyler Cowen&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-8798636097636860736?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/8798636097636860736/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=8798636097636860736&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/8798636097636860736'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/8798636097636860736'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/07/doenca-europeia.html' title='A Doença Européia'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-2066659182995241072</id><published>2011-07-06T21:21:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2011-07-06T21:21:21.053-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Frase do Dia'/><title type='text'>Frase do Dia</title><content type='html'>"&lt;i&gt;Memo to young economists:&amp;nbsp; Don’t ever think you’ve come up with a new  idea.&amp;nbsp; Unless your last name is Coase, you are almost certainly wrong.&amp;nbsp;  Everything in macroeconomics keeps get rediscovered with each new  generation.&lt;/i&gt;"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.themoneyillusion.com/?p=9633"&gt;Scott Sumner&lt;/a&gt;, ao mencionar artigo seu de 1995 - que requenta idéias tão antigas quanto 1818 - que antecipa artigo do &lt;a href="http://gregmankiw.blogspot.com/2011/07/i-was-scooped.html"&gt;Mankiw&lt;/a&gt; de 2003.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-2066659182995241072?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/2066659182995241072/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=2066659182995241072&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/2066659182995241072'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/2066659182995241072'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/07/frase-do-dia.html' title='Frase do Dia'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-4179576978481960037</id><published>2011-07-04T08:09:00.002-03:00</published><updated>2011-07-04T10:51:17.984-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='macroeconomia'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='política econômica'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='febeapá'/><title type='text'>Febeapá Econômico e a Dissecação do Besteirol</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://maovisivel.blogspot.com/2011/07/comentario-oreiro-e-de-paula-1.html"&gt;Alex provê um serviço de utilidade pública&lt;/a&gt; ao dissecar uma peça exemplar do festival de besteiras econômicas que assolam o país. Leia a coisa toda, são quatro posts que revelam a tragédia da "teoria econômica" e "pesquisa econômica" que circula na mídia e em meios acadêmicos no país.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;P.S. Meu computador travou e estou corrigindo este post somente agora, incluindo o link necessário.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-4179576978481960037?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/4179576978481960037/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=4179576978481960037&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/4179576978481960037'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/4179576978481960037'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/07/febeapa-economico-e-dissecacao-do.html' title='Febeapá Econômico e a Dissecação do Besteirol'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-3757738059185305464</id><published>2011-06-29T06:08:00.002-03:00</published><updated>2011-06-29T06:12:57.965-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Prosperidade'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Livre comércio'/><title type='text'>A Importância do Livre Comércio</title><content type='html'>"&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Contrary to what skeptics often assert, the case for free trade is  robust. It extends not just to overall prosperity (or “aggregate GNP”),  but also to distributional outcomes, which makes the free-trade argument  morally compelling as well&lt;/span&gt;."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/bhagwati14/English"&gt;Bhagwati explica&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-3757738059185305464?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/3757738059185305464/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=3757738059185305464&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/3757738059185305464'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/3757738059185305464'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/06/importancia-do-livre-comercio.html' title='A Importância do Livre Comércio'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-864651919602516152</id><published>2011-06-29T05:40:00.003-03:00</published><updated>2011-06-29T05:54:48.684-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Milton Friedman'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='política monetária'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='crise financeira'/><title type='text'>Milton Friedman: O Retorno do Mestre</title><content type='html'>O que Milton Friedman (1912-2006) teria recomendado para elaboração de política monetária para a crise global de 2007-2009? Bernanke, em 2004, observou que “&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Friedman’s monetary framework has been so influential that, in its broad outlines at least, it has nearly become identical with modern monetary theory and practice.&lt;/span&gt;” &lt;a href="http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/feds/2011/201126/201126pap.pdf"&gt;Este artigo de Edward Nelson analisa a resposta de política à crise financeira sob a perspectiva da abordagem do Milton Friedman&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;"the purpose of the present paper is to discuss Friedman’s monetary framework with particular&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;reference to his analysis of financial crises. In so doing, I aim to show that certain aspects of&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Friedman’s framework are consistent with recent monetary policy practice, yet do not coincide&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;with the majority view underlying “modern monetary theory.” In particular, the manner in&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;which key monetary and financial policy responses have departed from leading benchmarks in&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;the monetary policy and banking literature can be understood by considering Friedman’s own&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;departures from those benchmarks. I will concentrate on bringing out lesser-known aspects of&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Friedman’s monetary economics that provide a conceptual framework through which recent&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;policy actions can be understood. Several elements of the policy response are either explicitly&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;along lines that Friedman recommended, or are actions that have the practical effect of satisfying&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;criteria that he laid out."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-864651919602516152?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/864651919602516152/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=864651919602516152&amp;isPopup=true' title='3 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/864651919602516152'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/864651919602516152'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/06/milton-friedman-o-retorno-do-mestre.html' title='Milton Friedman: O Retorno do Mestre'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-3712699806692051556</id><published>2011-06-26T19:54:00.003-03:00</published><updated>2011-06-29T05:40:13.811-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Exílio'/><title type='text'>Volta do Auto-Exílio</title><content type='html'>Pior do que o stress de ter que blogar é o stress de não fazê-lo. Neste período de inatividade, a má notícia é que &lt;a href="http://aidwatchers.com/"&gt;Bill Easterly&lt;/a&gt; encerrou suas atividades no seu blog. O motivo de ambos foi mais ou menos mesmo, liberar energia para outros projetos mais rentáveis. Talvez seja o caso de, para blogar com maior regularidade, me transformar em um &lt;a href="http://lmonasterio.blogspot.com/2011/06/agora-e-oficial-blogueiros.html"&gt;blogueiro progressista&lt;/a&gt;. Ou continuar esta aventura solitária apenas pelo prazer de fazê-lo. De qualquer forma, voltei.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-3712699806692051556?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/3712699806692051556/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=3712699806692051556&amp;isPopup=true' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/3712699806692051556'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/3712699806692051556'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/06/volta-do-auto-exilio.html' title='Volta do Auto-Exílio'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-125390122664066873</id><published>2011-05-02T07:01:00.003-03:00</published><updated>2011-05-02T07:06:36.837-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Bin Laden'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='terrorismo'/><title type='text'>Good and Historical Day: Bin Laden Está Morto</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="640" height="390"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/m-N3dJvhgPg&amp;hl=en_US&amp;feature=player_embedded&amp;version=3"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/m-N3dJvhgPg&amp;hl=en_US&amp;feature=player_embedded&amp;version=3" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true" allowScriptAccess="always" width="640" height="390"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bin Laden foi morto em Abbottabad, na região metropolitana de Islamabad, no norte do Paquistão. O mundo agradece.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-125390122664066873?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/125390122664066873/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=125390122664066873&amp;isPopup=true' title='2 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/125390122664066873'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/125390122664066873'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/05/good-and-historical-day-bin-laden-esta.html' title='Good and Historical Day: Bin Laden Está Morto'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-471042605197858850</id><published>2011-04-28T09:20:00.001-03:00</published><updated>2011-04-28T09:24:49.532-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Keynes'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Hayek'/><title type='text'>Keynes vs. Hayek</title><content type='html'>&lt;iframe src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/GTQnarzmTOc?rel=0" allowfullscreen="" width="560" frameborder="0" height="349"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Desta vez, com participação especial de Ben Bernanke. Sensacional!&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-471042605197858850?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/471042605197858850/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=471042605197858850&amp;isPopup=true' title='4 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/471042605197858850'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/471042605197858850'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/04/keynes-vs-hayek.html' title='Keynes vs. Hayek'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://img.youtube.com/vi/GTQnarzmTOc/default.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>4</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-133086966141850172</id><published>2011-04-27T15:56:00.009-03:00</published><updated>2011-04-28T09:08:20.292-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='desagradável aritmética monetarista'/><title type='text'>A Desagradável Aritmética Monetarista</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-CWeK6wDZAd4/TbhsQO21JtI/AAAAAAAAALo/4hhRlNzpX1A/s1600/graf%2B1.bmp"&gt;&lt;img style="float: right; margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 241px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-CWeK6wDZAd4/TbhsQO21JtI/AAAAAAAAALo/4hhRlNzpX1A/s400/graf%2B1.bmp" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5600345162756990674" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://maovisivel.blogspot.com/2011/04/anais-da-imbecilidade-x.html"&gt;Imagine um político que se considera semileigo em economia, outro considerado por muitos um grande mestre no assunto e um jornalista econômico de um jornal de grande circulação.&lt;/a&gt; Quando postos frente ao gráfico ao lado e perguntados sobre a relação entre moeda e preços, muito provavelmente demonstrarão a mesma perplexidade de um cidadão comum, sem nenhuma formação em economia.&lt;br /&gt;- É claro que não há nenhuma relação entre estas duas variáveis, diz o articulista. Os dados falam por si: preços sobem e a oferta de moeda permanece constante. Se o governo quiser controlar preços e a taxa de inflação, deve fazê-lo com medidas heterodoxas, como congelamento de preços, e não elevando a taxa de juros.&lt;br /&gt;- É mais do que evidente que os economistas ortodoxos estão errados quando querem independência do banco central, diz o semileigo. Nas fileiras do meu partido, os economistas entendem as evidências empíricas e não seguem esta cartilha neoliberal.&lt;br /&gt;- Meu caro Clóvis, há muito tempo eu próprio venho alertando a Presidência da inconsistência da política econômica, diz o grande mestre. O problema está na teoria quantitativa da moeda, obsoleta desde David Hume. O que existe de fundamentalmente errado na teoria econômica atual é o excesso de matemática, que cega o economista à realidade dos fatos. Veja esta obsessão com o câmbio, por exemplo. Por que deixá-lo flutuar livremente quando esta política de juros altos, baseada na teoria quantitativa, provoca tantos danos à indústria nacional?&lt;br /&gt;- Não vejo nenhuma relação, diz o cidadão comum.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-X0CJRbtf6bI/Tbh2OWRddtI/AAAAAAAAALw/eROBDG9RFtE/s1600/graf2.PNG"&gt;&lt;img style="float: right; margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 241px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-X0CJRbtf6bI/Tbh2OWRddtI/AAAAAAAAALw/eROBDG9RFtE/s400/graf2.PNG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5600356125504272082" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Mas o tempo vai passando e novas observações empíricas são adicionadas ao nosso gráfico, que agora ficou assim. Os nossos heróis bem podem tê-lo entendido da seguinte maneira:&lt;br /&gt;- Existe um caráter meramente aleatório na relação entre oferta de moeda e inflação, diz o articulista. Foi um leitor da minha coluna que me explicou isto.&lt;br /&gt;- O que este gráfico nos diz é óbvio: os preços e a inflação começam a subir antes da oferta de moeda, diz o semileigo. É claro então que é a inflação que determina a oferta de moeda e, de acordo com o companheiro Mercadante, é mais um motivo para que devamos controlar os preços de forma direta. Aí sim é que a oferta de moeda estará sob controle. Fazer o contrário só causa recessão, sem efeitos sobre a taxa de inflação.&lt;br /&gt;- Meu caro Clóvis, a economia está longe de ser uma ciência exata, diz o grande mestre. A relação entre moeda e inflação muda ao longo do tempo, de forma que nenhum modelo matemático consegue explicar. Keynes foi o maior economista do século XX e nunca se preocupou com estas bobagens matemáticas. O fato é que, com esta relação instável da política monetária com a taxa de juros e inflação, é um erro de proporções catastróficas deixar o câmbio apreciar desta forma. Keynes entendeu bem o problema da instabilidade monetária e sua relação com a armadilha da liquidez. Com toda esta liquidez internacional, deixar o câmbio flutuar é entrar na própria armadilha!&lt;br /&gt;- Sei lá, diz o cidadão comum.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Em 1981 &lt;a href="http://www.minneapolisfed.org/research/QR/QR531.pdf"&gt;Thomas Sargent e Neil Wallace publicaram um importante artigo&lt;/a&gt;, que mostrou que em certas condições política monetária restritiva hoje causa maior inflação hoje. Os gráficos acima foram elaborados com base em uma versão muito simplificada do modelo original, mas que no entanto mantém o resultado original. Esta versão depende apenas de duas equações: o equilíbrio monetário e uma regra de política monetária. As equações são as seguintes:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- equilíbrio monetário (em log): (m_t - p_t) = -alpha*(p_t+1 - p_t)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Regra de política monetária:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;m_t = m0                                       para t = 1, 2, ..., n-1&lt;br /&gt;m_n+i = m1 + gama*i                   para i = 0, 1, ...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Para os alunos das disciplinas de Tópicos Especiais de Macroeconomia e  Economia Monetária II, uma proposta: os três primeiros alunos em cada disciplina que derivarem corretamente a trajetória do nível de preços, terão um indulto para a primeira prova da disciplina.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-133086966141850172?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/133086966141850172/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=133086966141850172&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/133086966141850172'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/133086966141850172'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/04/desagradavel-aritmetica-monetarista.html' title='A Desagradável Aritmética Monetarista'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-CWeK6wDZAd4/TbhsQO21JtI/AAAAAAAAALo/4hhRlNzpX1A/s72-c/graf%2B1.bmp' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-2469894283084786805</id><published>2011-04-12T06:28:00.004-03:00</published><updated>2011-04-12T08:10:54.057-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='controle de armas'/><title type='text'>Controle de Armas Redux</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-dITnBXoBSS4/TaQryzCSlMI/AAAAAAAAALg/HbEG0cpIWAg/s1600/gun%2Bcontrol.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 325px; height: 312px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-dITnBXoBSS4/TaQryzCSlMI/AAAAAAAAALg/HbEG0cpIWAg/s400/gun%2Bcontrol.gif" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5594644788794266818" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Em decorrência da tragédia de Realengo, &lt;a href="http://www.estadao.com.br/estadaodehoje/20110412/not_imp704977,0.php"&gt;o governo reinicia a discussão sobre controle de armas&lt;/a&gt;. Desnecessária, a meu ver, visto que já houve uma consulta popular em 2005 que rejeitou o controle. Parece a velha estratégia política de forçar uma proposição que, mesmo sendo seguidas vezes derrotada, pode acabar sendo imposta por estar sempre na pauta de discussões.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pode-se, no entanto, aprimorar o argumento de controle abrindo opções para nova consulta popular como a) permitir armas de fogo APENAS dentro de casa; b) permitir que as  pessoas tenham armas de fogo em casa e que possam andar armadas nas  ruas; e c) não permitir armas de fogo, que é a proposta de &lt;a href="http://bdadolfo.blogspot.com/2011/04/armas-de-fogo-e-violencia.html"&gt;Adolfo Sachsida&lt;/a&gt;. A meu ver, o problema da proposta do Adolfo é legitimar neste momento de justa comoção uma nova tentativa de desarmar a população, correndo o risco de que não serão estes os termos da consulta.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Não custa lembrar que o desarmamento da população civil tem sido utilizado por governos opressivos, com objetivos menos nobres do que evitar acidentes ou impedir a realização de crimes:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;"This year will go down in  history. For the first time, a civilized nation has full gun  registration. Our streets will be safer, our police more efficient, and  the world will follow our lead." (Chancelor's Speech, 1935 by Adolf  Hilter)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;"Germans who wish to use firearms  should join the SS or the SA, ordinary citizens don't need guns, as  their having guns DOESN'T SERVE THE STATE." - HEINRICH HIMMLER&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;"All political power comes from the barrel of a gun. The communist party must  command all the guns, that way, no guns can ever be used to command the party." -Mao Zedong&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;"One man with a gun can control 100 without one. ... Make mass searches and hold executions for found arms." --V.I. Lenin.  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Por outro lado, o direito de carregar e manter armas de fogo pode ser entendido como um mecanismo de prevenção de tiranias:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;"The Constitution shall never be  construed to authorize Congress to prevent the people of the United  States, who are peaceable citizens, from keeping their own arms."  - Samuel Adams &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;"Americans need never fear their  government because of the advantage of being armed, which the Americans  possess over the people of almost every other nation." - James Madison&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;"Guard with jealous attention the public liberty. Suspect every one who  approaches that jewel. Unfortunately, nothing will preserve it but  downright force. Whenever you give up that force, you are ruined" - Patrick Henry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;"The Constitution of the United  States asserts that all power is inherent in the people; that they may  exercise it by themselves; that it is their right and duty to be at all  times armed." -Thomas Jefferson &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;"The right of the citizens to  keep and bear arms has justly been considered as the safeguard of the  liberties of a republic; since it offers a strong moral check against  usurpation and arbitrary power of rulers; and will enable the people to  resist and triumph over them." - U.S. Supreme Court Justice Joseph  Story, 1833&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pode parecer um exagero invocar Hitler, Lenin e Mao para defender o porte de armas, mas mesmo que jamais tenhamos novamente regimes totalitários como o nazismo, comunismo e socialismo, chamar a atenção das características destes regimes tirânicos nos ajuda a impedir que tais eventos ocorram novamente mesmo em regimes menos opressivos.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-2469894283084786805?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/2469894283084786805/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=2469894283084786805&amp;isPopup=true' title='5 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/2469894283084786805'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/2469894283084786805'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/04/controle-de-armas-redux.html' title='Controle de Armas Redux'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-dITnBXoBSS4/TaQryzCSlMI/AAAAAAAAALg/HbEG0cpIWAg/s72-c/gun%2Bcontrol.gif' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>5</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-2083843066479591360</id><published>2011-04-12T04:02:00.002-03:00</published><updated>2011-04-12T04:07:50.832-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='determinação de preços'/><title type='text'>O Que Aconteceria se Empresas Aéreas Vendessem Tinta?</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www.mcafee.cc/Papers/PDF/PriceIsRight.pdf"&gt;Algo parecido com isto&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;color:#008000;"&gt;&lt;span class="630402119-09092002"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;font-size:130%;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;Buying    paint from a hardware store.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;font-size:130%;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;font-size:100%;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;Customer:&lt;span style=""&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;Hi, how much is    your paint?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;font-size:100%;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;Clerk:&lt;span style=""&gt;                &lt;/span&gt;We have regular quality for $12 a gallon and premium for $18.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;How many gallons would you    like?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;font-size:100%;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;Customer:&lt;span style=""&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;Five gallons of    regular quality, please.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;font-size:100%;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;Clerk:&lt;span style=""&gt;                &lt;/span&gt;Great.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;That will be $60    plus tax.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;font-size:100%;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;font-size:100%;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;font-size:130%;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;Buying    paint from an airline.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;font-size:130%;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;font-size:100%;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;Customer:&lt;span style=""&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;Hi, how much is    your paint?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;font-size:100%;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;Clerk:&lt;span style=""&gt;                &lt;/span&gt;Well, sir, that all depends.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;font-size:100%;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;Customer&lt;span style=""&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;Depends    on what?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;font-size:100%;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;Clerk:&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;              &lt;/span&gt;Well, there’s a lot of things.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;font-size:100%;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;Customer:&lt;span style=""&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;How about just    giving me an average price?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;font-size:100%;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;Clerk:&lt;span style=""&gt;                &lt;/span&gt;Wow, that’s just too hard a question.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;The lowest price is $9 a gallon, and    we have 150 prices up to about $200 a gallon.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;font-size:100%;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;Customer:&lt;span style=""&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;I’d like some    of that $9 paint.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;font-size:100%;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;Clerk:&lt;span style=""&gt;                &lt;/span&gt;Well, first I need to ask you a few questions.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;When do you intend to use    it?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;font-size:100%;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;Customer:&lt;span style=""&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;I want to paint    tomorrow which is my day off.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;font-size:100%;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;Clerk:&lt;span style=""&gt;                &lt;/span&gt;Sir, the paint for tomorrow is the $200 paint.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;font-size:100%;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;Customer:&lt;span style=""&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;What!!&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;When would I have to paint in order to    get the $9 paint?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;font-size:100%;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;Clerk:&lt;span style=""&gt;                &lt;/span&gt;That would be in three weeks, but you will also have to agree to start    painting before Friday and continue painting until at least Sunday.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;font-size:100%;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;Customer:&lt;span style=""&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;You’ve got to    be kidding!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;font-size:100%;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;Clerk:&lt;span style=""&gt;                &lt;/span&gt;Sir, we don’t kid around here.&lt;span style=""&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;Of course, I would have to check to see if we have any of that paint    available before I could sell it to you.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;font-size:100%;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;Customer:&lt;span style=""&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;You have    shelves full of the stuff; I can see it right there.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;What do you mean check to see if you    can sell it to me?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;font-size:100%;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;Clerk:&lt;span style=""&gt;                &lt;/span&gt;Just because you can see it doesn’t mean that we have it.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;It may be the same paint, but we only    sell a certain number of gallons on any given weekend.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Oh, and by the way, the price just    went to $12.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;font-size:100%;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;Customer:&lt;span style=""&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;What!!&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;You mean the price just went up while    we were talking?!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;font-size:100%;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;Clerk:&lt;span style=""&gt;                &lt;/span&gt;Yes sir.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;You see, we    change prices and rules thousands of times a day, and since you haven’t    actually walked out the store with your paint yet, we just decided to    change.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Unless you want the same    thing to happen again, I would suggest that you get on with your    purchase.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;How many gallons do you    want?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;font-size:100%;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;Customer:&lt;span style=""&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;I don’t know    exactly.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;I guess I will buy a    little extra&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;font-size:100%;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;Clerk:&lt;span style=""&gt;                &lt;/span&gt;Oh no, sir, you can’t do that.&lt;span style=""&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;If you buy the paint and then don’t use it, you will be liable for    penalties and possible confiscation of the paint you already    have.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;font-size:100%;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;Customer:&lt;span style=""&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;What!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;font-size:100%;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;Clerk:&lt;span style=""&gt;                &lt;/span&gt;That’s right.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;We can sell    you enough paint to do your kitchen, bathroom, hall, and north bedroom, but if    you stop painting before you do the bedroom, you will be in violation of our    tariffs.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;font-size:100%;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;Customer:&lt;span style=""&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;But what does    it matter to you whether I use all the paint?&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;I already paid you for    it!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;font-size:100%;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;Clerk:&lt;span style=""&gt;                &lt;/span&gt;There is no point in getting upset; that’s just the way it is.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;We make plans based upon the idea that    you will use all the paint, as you have agreed to do, and when you don’t, it    just causes us all sorts of problems.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;font-size:100%;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;Customer:&lt;span style=""&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;This is    crazy!&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;I suppose something    terrible will happen if I don’t keep painting until after Saturday    night!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;font-size:100%;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;Clerk:&lt;span style=""&gt;                &lt;/span&gt;Yes, sir, it will.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;font-size:100%;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;Customer:&lt;span style=""&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;Well, that does    it!&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;I’m going to another company    to buy my paint.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;font-size:100%;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;Clerk:&lt;span style=""&gt;                &lt;/span&gt;That won’t do you any good, sir.&lt;span style=""&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;We all have the same rules.&lt;span style=""&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;Oh, and thanks for flying, er I mean painting with our    airline.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;font-size:100%;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black;"&gt;Copyright Alan H. Hess, 1998.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;All rights    reserved.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:100%;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-2083843066479591360?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/2083843066479591360/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=2083843066479591360&amp;isPopup=true' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/2083843066479591360'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/2083843066479591360'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/04/o-que-aconteceria-se-empresas-aereas.html' title='O Que Aconteceria se Empresas Aéreas Vendessem Tinta?'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-7929213223395660928</id><published>2011-04-05T08:05:00.004-03:00</published><updated>2011-04-05T08:11:06.512-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='república de bananas'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='declínio econômico'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='substituição de importações'/><title type='text'>Como Tornar os EUA em uma República de Bananas</title><content type='html'>É só começar um programa de substituição de importações. &lt;a href="http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/opinion/ct-oped-0330-independence-20110330,0,2719122.story"&gt;Allen Sanderson, da Universidade de Chicago, explica.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-7929213223395660928?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/7929213223395660928/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=7929213223395660928&amp;isPopup=true' title='3 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/7929213223395660928'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/7929213223395660928'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/04/como-tornar-os-eua-em-uma-republica-de.html' title='Como Tornar os EUA em uma República de Bananas'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-8347239841594802895</id><published>2011-03-22T21:32:00.003-03:00</published><updated>2011-03-22T21:38:20.201-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Hugo Chavez'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='febeaplá'/><title type='text'>Febeaplá: O Capitalismo Destruiu Marte!</title><content type='html'>O festival de besteiras que assola o planeta em reprodução ampliada:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"O imperialismo chegou e acabou com o planeta", &lt;a href="http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/internacional,chavez-diz-que-capitalismo-por-ter-acabado-com-a-vida-em-marte,695684,0.htm"&gt;diz o companheiro Hugo Chavez&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-8347239841594802895?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/8347239841594802895/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=8347239841594802895&amp;isPopup=true' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/8347239841594802895'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/8347239841594802895'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/03/febeapla-o-capitalismo-destruiu-marte.html' title='Febeaplá: O Capitalismo Destruiu Marte!'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-4344252545661184137</id><published>2011-03-22T06:13:00.001-03:00</published><updated>2011-03-22T06:15:31.245-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Paul Krugman'/><title type='text'>Frase do Dia</title><content type='html'>É do Paul Krugman:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"&lt;a href="http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/03/21/nobodies-of-macroeconomics-very-wonkish/?smid=tw-NytimesKrugman&amp;amp;seid=auto"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;if you’ve reached the point where you don’t pay attention to anything  that might disturb your orthodoxy, you’re not doing science, you’re not  even pursuing a discipline. All you’re doing is perpetuating a smug,  closed-minded sect.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;"&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-4344252545661184137?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/4344252545661184137/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=4344252545661184137&amp;isPopup=true' title='3 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/4344252545661184137'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/4344252545661184137'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/03/frase-do-dia.html' title='Frase do Dia'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-3177429466354208590</id><published>2011-03-18T09:47:00.004-03:00</published><updated>2011-03-18T10:01:05.966-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Tyler Cowen'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='economia da cultura'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='globalização'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Fórum da Liberdade'/><title type='text'>Tyler Cowen em Porto Alegre</title><content type='html'>O economista &lt;a href="http://www.gmu.edu/centers/publicchoice/faculty%20pages/Tyler/index.html"&gt;Tyler Cowen&lt;/a&gt;, do Blog &lt;a href="http://www.marginalrevolution.com/"&gt;Marginal Revolution&lt;/a&gt;, virá a Porto Alegre para participar do &lt;a href="http://www.forumdaliberdade.com.br/fl24/"&gt;Fórum da Liberdade&lt;/a&gt;. Ele confirmou também um seminário sobre "Globalization, Markets and Culture", no &lt;a href="http://www.ufrgs.br/ppge/"&gt;Programa de Pós Graduação em Economia da UFRGS&lt;/a&gt;. Será no dia 08 de abril, às 15:30, no auditório da &lt;a href="http://www6.ufrgs.br/fce/"&gt;FCE&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-3177429466354208590?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/3177429466354208590/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=3177429466354208590&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/3177429466354208590'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/3177429466354208590'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/03/tyler-cowen-em-porto-alegre.html' title='Tyler Cowen em Porto Alegre'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-5009291128672673774</id><published>2011-03-15T17:17:00.002-03:00</published><updated>2011-03-15T17:29:20.700-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='novidades'/><title type='text'>Um Blog e um Site Dignos de Menção</title><content type='html'>O &lt;a href="http://www.brasil-economia-governo.org.br/"&gt;Blog Brasil Economia e Governo&lt;/a&gt; foi criado e é gerenciado por um grupo de profissionais  especializados em assuntos econômicos e gestão pública, sem vinculação  ou militância político-partidária em associação com o Instituto Fernand  Braudel de Economia Mundial. A idéia de sua criação surgiu em conversas  travadas pelo grupo acerca da necessidade de se disponibilizar  explicações sobre questões econômicas que ajudassem os eleitores a  entender as escolhas feitas pelo setor público na gerência da economia. Os três editores (Marcos Mendes, Fernando Meneguin e Paulo Springer  de Freitas) possuem doutorado em economia, experiência didática e na  análise de políticas públicas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O Site &lt;a href="http://www.lacea.org/vox/"&gt;Vox.LACEA&lt;/a&gt; é apoiado pela &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Latin American and Caribbean Economics Association&lt;/span&gt; (LACEA)&lt;span&gt;, com suporte financeiro do &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Global Development  Network’s Policy Outreach Program &lt;/span&gt;e tem como objetivo divulgar o trabalho de economistas de renome que trabalham em questões relevantes para o desenvolvimento econômico da região da América Latina e Caribe.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ambos são fontes importantes de informação econômica de qualidade e estão listados no Blogroll ao lado.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-5009291128672673774?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/5009291128672673774/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=5009291128672673774&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/5009291128672673774'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/5009291128672673774'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/03/um-blog-e-um-site-dignos-de-mencao.html' title='Um Blog e um Site Dignos de Menção'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-3723194974536547169</id><published>2011-03-15T17:02:00.003-03:00</published><updated>2011-03-15T17:16:50.551-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='teoria macroeconômica'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Olivier Blanchard'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='FMI'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='crise econômica'/><title type='text'>O Futuro da Macroeconomia</title><content type='html'>Olivier Blanchard ensaia algumas conclusões a partir da conferência sobre "&lt;a href="http://www.imf.org/external/np/seminars/eng/2011/res/index.htm"&gt;Macro and Growth Policies in the Wake of the Crisis&lt;/a&gt;", patrocinada pelo FMI. Vale realmente a pena assistir aos vídeos da conferência. &lt;a href="http://blog-imfdirect.imf.org/2011/03/13/future-of-macroeconomic-policy/"&gt;Das suas conclusões&lt;/a&gt;, a mais pessimista me parece ser a de que o pêndulo da discussão mercados e governos está pendendo mais para o lado de maior intervenção. A mais otimista é que em termos de pesquisa "&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;the future is exciting&lt;/span&gt;" e existem vários caminhos para melhorar os microfundamentos da teoria macroeconômica.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-3723194974536547169?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/3723194974536547169/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=3723194974536547169&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/3723194974536547169'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/3723194974536547169'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/03/o-futuro-da-macroeconomia.html' title='O Futuro da Macroeconomia'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-6196228315225481397</id><published>2011-03-15T16:56:00.003-03:00</published><updated>2011-03-15T17:02:28.807-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='falhas de governo'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='cultura'/><title type='text'>Cultura e Falhas de Governo</title><content type='html'>Bom artigo do Cláudio Shikida, Ari Francisco e Pedro Sant'Anna no &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Cato Journal&lt;/span&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"&lt;a href="http://www.cato.org/pubs/journal/cj31n1/cj31n1-3.pdf"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;There are many studies on the relationship between economic development and institutions. Institutions can be classified as formal or informal. This article emphasizes the importance of the relationship between culture (informal institutions) and the quality of public goods supplied by the government, using a measure of state failure: the Failed States Index. The results suggest that culture is more important than formal institutions in explaining differences in the degree to which states fail.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;"&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-6196228315225481397?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/6196228315225481397/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=6196228315225481397&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/6196228315225481397'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/6196228315225481397'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/03/cultura-e-falhas-de-governo.html' title='Cultura e Falhas de Governo'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-5039908542095078116</id><published>2011-03-15T16:43:00.002-03:00</published><updated>2011-03-15T16:56:02.389-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Música do Pi'/><title type='text'>A Música do Pi</title><content type='html'>Ontem, 3/14, foi o dia do Pi. Em homenagem a este número irracional, o &lt;a href="http://www.news.com.au/technology/michael-blake-puts-mathematics-to-music-for-pi-day/story-e6frfro0-1226021062765"&gt;músico canadense Michael Blake o transformou em música&lt;/a&gt;, que Pi até que não é ruim! &lt;a href="http://oglobo.globo.com/ciencia/video/2011/22634/"&gt;Ela pode ser ouvida aqui&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(HT: Fabricio Torrucôo)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-5039908542095078116?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/5039908542095078116/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=5039908542095078116&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/5039908542095078116'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/5039908542095078116'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/03/musica-do-pi.html' title='A Música do Pi'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-3182418037532921736</id><published>2011-03-13T22:59:00.004-03:00</published><updated>2011-03-14T11:38:09.161-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Hayek'/><title type='text'>Entrevistas com Hayek</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://hayek.ufm.edu/index.php/Main_Page"&gt;Ótimas entrevistas com Friederich von Hayek&lt;/a&gt;, prêmio Nobel em Economia em 1974. Vale a pena ver as entrevistas com Axel Leijonhufvud, Armen Alchian e James Buchanan, pois são verdadeiras aulas de economia, história do pensamento econômico, filosofia econômica, etc. Muitos dos temas atualmente em voga por causa da crise financeira e econômica de 2008, como complexidade e impossibilidade de previsão, são abordados nas entrevistas.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-3182418037532921736?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/3182418037532921736/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=3182418037532921736&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/3182418037532921736'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/3182418037532921736'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/03/entrevistas-com-hayek.html' title='Entrevistas com Hayek'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-7502591345907218583</id><published>2011-03-13T22:14:00.002-03:00</published><updated>2011-03-13T22:22:28.172-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='humor'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Beatles'/><title type='text'>Beatles no Ano 3000</title><content type='html'>O que antropólogos e arqueólogos do futuro podem descobrir a respeito dos Beatles?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;iframe title="YouTube video player" width="640" height="390" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/3Z2vU8M6CYI?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-7502591345907218583?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/7502591345907218583/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=7502591345907218583&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/7502591345907218583'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/7502591345907218583'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/03/beatles-no-ano-3000.html' title='Beatles no Ano 3000'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://img.youtube.com/vi/3Z2vU8M6CYI/default.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-4099818255303914329</id><published>2011-03-02T10:23:00.002-03:00</published><updated>2011-03-02T10:38:13.384-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='I Encontro Nacional dos Blogueiros de Economia'/><title type='text'>I Encontro Nacional dos Blogueiros de Economia</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.surveymonkey.com/s/enbeco"&gt;&lt;img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 282px; height: 400px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9mF_OCetXfs/TW5HgR0IiaI/AAAAAAAAALQ/yHm6gtSbSUA/s400/Cartaz%2BVirtual%2BEncontro%2Bde%2BBlogueiros%2Bde%2BEconomia%2B%25282%2529.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5579475608222075298" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-XryjdyBCRmw/TW5FJOhf-eI/AAAAAAAAALA/EQfML--JtHs/s1600/Encontro%2Bblogueiros.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 322px; height: 400px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-XryjdyBCRmw/TW5FJOhf-eI/AAAAAAAAALA/EQfML--JtHs/s400/Encontro%2Bblogueiros.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5579473013178366434" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Este blogueiro aqui teve a honra de ser convidado para o encontro, que conta com as participações de alguns dos melhores blogs nacionais de economia, como os de Cláudio Shikida, Leo Monastério, Cristiano Costa e Adolfo Sachsida, entre outros de igual relevância.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O encontro está organizado da seguinte forma:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: center;"&gt;Abertura (13:30)&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="text-align: center;"&gt;Carlos Eduardo Gonçalves , Cláudio D. Shikida, Cristiano M. Costa&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="text-align: center;"&gt;Painel Temático I (13:40)&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="text-align: center;"&gt;O Papel dos Blogs no Debate sobre Política Econômica&lt;br /&gt;Carlos Eduardo Gonçalves, Alexandre Schwartsman, Felipe Salto&lt;br /&gt;Vídeo: Adolfo Sachsida&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="text-align: center;"&gt;Coffee-Break (15:00)&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="text-align: center;"&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="text-align: center;"&gt;Painel Temático II (15:10)&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="text-align: center;"&gt;A Blogosfera e o Jornalismo Econômico: Complementares ou Substitutos?&lt;br /&gt;Cristiano M. Costa, Leonardo Monasterio, Silvio Crespo, Thais Herédia&lt;br /&gt;Vídeo: Rodrigo Constantino&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="text-align: center;"&gt;Coffee-Break (16:20)&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="text-align: center;"&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="text-align: center;"&gt;Instituto Millenium (16:35)&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="text-align: center;"&gt;Painel Temático III (16:50)&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="text-align: center;"&gt;Os Blogs na Sala de Aula:  A Disseminação do Conhecimento&lt;br /&gt;Cláudio D. Shikida, Ronald Hillbrecht, Márcio Laurini, Mauro Rodrigues&lt;br /&gt;Vídeo: Roseli Silva&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Encerramento (18:00)&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="text-align: center;"&gt;Carlos Eduardo Gonçalves , Cláudio D. Shikida, Cristiano M. Costa&lt;/p&gt;Clique no cartaz acima para se inscrever no evento, que promete ser ótimo!&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-4099818255303914329?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/4099818255303914329/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=4099818255303914329&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/4099818255303914329'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/4099818255303914329'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/03/blog-post.html' title='I Encontro Nacional dos Blogueiros de Economia'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9mF_OCetXfs/TW5HgR0IiaI/AAAAAAAAALQ/yHm6gtSbSUA/s72-c/Cartaz%2BVirtual%2BEncontro%2Bde%2BBlogueiros%2Bde%2BEconomia%2B%25282%2529.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-6507652057108777762</id><published>2011-02-27T07:38:00.003-03:00</published><updated>2011-02-27T08:01:02.024-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='rent-seeking'/><title type='text'>A Arte de Enriquecer Rapidamente</title><content type='html'>Como fazê-lo sem produzir nada? É só capturar a renda alheia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style="font-style: italic;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/nacional,dezoito-presidentes-de-assembleias-legislativas-tem-mais-de-r-1-milhao,684990,0.htm"&gt;"Dos 27 deputados estaduais que comandam atualmente as Assembleias  Legislativas de seus Estados, 13 apresentaram expressiva evolução  patrimonial nos últimos quatro anos. Onze tiveram crescimento acima de  100%. Outros dois declararam patrimônio zerado em 2006 e entregaram  certidões com valores acima de R$ 100 mil no ano passado.  &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font-style: italic;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/nacional,dezoito-presidentes-de-assembleias-legislativas-tem-mais-de-r-1-milhao,684990,0.htm"&gt;Levantamento feito pelo &lt;em&gt;Estado&lt;/em&gt; na base de dados do Tribunal  Superior Eleitoral (TSE) mostra ainda que 18 presidentes de Legislativos  estaduais declararam ter patrimônio pessoal acima de R$ 1 milhão. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="font-style: italic;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/nacional,dezoito-presidentes-de-assembleias-legislativas-tem-mais-de-r-1-milhao,684990,0.htm"&gt;A riqueza desses 27 deputados soma R$ 37,7 milhões. Há quatro anos,  esses mesmos parlamentares totalizavam um patrimônio de R$ 24,7 milhões  em imóveis, veículos, aplicações financeiras, dinheiro guardado em casa,  entre outros. Em um mandato, o patrimônio deles cresceu 52,6%."&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-6507652057108777762?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/6507652057108777762/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=6507652057108777762&amp;isPopup=true' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/6507652057108777762'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/6507652057108777762'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/02/arte-de-enriquecer-rapidamente.html' title='A Arte de Enriquecer Rapidamente'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-7922690223904840924</id><published>2011-02-26T06:35:00.005-03:00</published><updated>2011-02-26T06:55:36.409-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='liberalismo clássico'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='capitalismo de comparsas'/><title type='text'>Sobre as Revoltas no Mundo Árabe e a Apatia na América Latina</title><content type='html'>O que as revoltas no mundo árabe têm em comum? Possivelmente o que falta aqui na América Latina, onde ideais liberais são sacrificados no altar do capitalismo de comparsas. &lt;a href="http://www.estadao.com.br/estadaodehoje/20110226/not_imp684834,0.php"&gt;Bom artigo de Ricardo Vélez Rodríguez, no Estadão: &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;"A revolta que assombra os países islâmicos coloca uma questão: as  respectivas sociedades, em que pese a diversidade delas, na Tunísia, no  Egito, na Argélia, no Iêmen, no Irã, na Líbia, no Marrocos, no Bahrein,  etc., buscam uma coisa: melhores condições de vida, liberdade e  participação. Tudo isso comunicado, em rede, pelas pessoas, driblando  controles policiais e censuras. Um primeiro capítulo dessa onda  libertária ocorreu no final do século passado, quando desabaram as  ditaduras da União Soviética e do Leste Europeu e quando os cubanos  fugiram em massa para Miami, no episódio conhecido como os "Marielitos",  na época do governo Reagan. Terremoto semelhante ocorreu na China, com a  ocupação da Praza da Paz Celestial pelos estudantes, primeiro, e,  depois, pelos tanques.&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;p style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Uma conclusão salta à vista: o que os revoltosos de ontem e de hoje  procuram é o que sempre foi apregoado pelas democracias liberais:  liberdade de ir e vir, liberdade para empreender negócios, liberdade de  pensamento e expressão, liberdade para as mulheres e para as minorias,  controle da sociedade civil sobre o aparelho do Estado, conquista do  conforto como expressão do desenvolvimento econômico, tolerância,  pluralismo, enfim, tudo aquilo que as elites corruptas dos países  sacudidos pela onda de insatisfação negam aos seus cidadãos."&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;"...A América Latina, na trilha do populismo da última década, abjura  justamente o liberalismo e fica presa à manutenção de odiosos  privilégios oligárquicos (vide os pactos realistas do partido governante  no Brasil com ícones da oligarquia nordestina, que ainda conseguem  manter sob censura o mais importante diário do País, justamente por ter  sido denunciada nas suas páginas a prática de arcaico patrimonialismo).  Nesse ponto, o Brasil consegue ser ainda mais retardatário que o Egito,  onde caiu o faraó de plantão, enquanto nós mantemos, felás pagadores de  impostos, os privilégios de odiosa nomenclatura em que se converteu a  nossa classe política."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-7922690223904840924?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/7922690223904840924/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=7922690223904840924&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/7922690223904840924'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/7922690223904840924'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/02/sobre-as-revoltas-no-mundo-arabe-e.html' title='Sobre as Revoltas no Mundo Árabe e a Apatia na América Latina'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-516006656868501941.post-1063302125552380412</id><published>2011-02-25T11:10:00.007-03:00</published><updated>2011-02-25T11:28:23.199-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='falácia do nirvana'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='falhas de mercado'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='saúde pública'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='falhas de governo'/><title type='text'>Falhas de Governo e a Saúde Pública</title><content type='html'>Frequentemente se argumenta que o maior envolvimento do governo nos serviços de saúde deve-se às "falhas de mercado". Entretanto, &lt;a href="http://healthblog.ncpa.org/health-alert-government-failure/?utm_source=newsletter&amp;amp;utm_medium=email&amp;amp;utm_campaign=HA#more-17981"&gt;o grande problema do setor são as "falhas de governo"&lt;/a&gt;, como argumenta John Goodman, expert em economia da saúde:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;"I can’t even count the number of articles and blog posts I’ve seen  asserting that markets can’t work in health care.  Or that they work  very imperfectly.  Or that they suffer from serious “market failure.”   In every case, the writer just assumes that government can remedy these  problems. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Yet when Gerry Musgrave and I wrote &lt;a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1882577108?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;tag=johgooheapolb-20&amp;amp;linkCode=as2&amp;amp;camp=1789&amp;amp;creative=390957&amp;amp;creativeASIN=1882577108"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Patient Power&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;we  concluded that our most serious health care problems stem from bad  government policies, rather than from markets failing to work.  In other  words, “government failure” not “market failure” is the source of most  of what is going wrong.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font-style: italic;"&gt;&lt;span id="more-17981"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Why is our perspective so different from so many other health policy  analysts?  I think the answer is:  the vast majority of people in health  policy do not understand the concept of “government failure.” For  example, health economist Austin Frakt,&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;following Nobel Laureate &lt;a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0393966518?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;tag=theinciecon-20&amp;amp;linkCode=as2&amp;amp;camp=1789&amp;amp;creative=390957&amp;amp;creativeASIN=0393966518"&gt;Joe Stiglitz,&lt;/a&gt; produced a list of “market failures” in &lt;a href="http://theincidentaleconomist.com/wordpress/health-care-market-failures-and-what-can-be-done-about-them/"&gt;health care&lt;/a&gt; and in &lt;a href="http://theincidentaleconomist.com/wordpress/health-insurance-market-failures-and-what-can-be-done-about-them/"&gt;health insurance &lt;/a&gt;  at his blog the other day. These include imperfect competition, unequal  access to information, external costs and benefits for others generated  by private activities, etc&lt;strong&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; He then offered this observation:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="padding-left: 30px; font-style: italic;"&gt;In principle, government intervention can  increase that benefit (economic welfare) in such cases.  In practice  and in some cases, it’s debatable.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font-style: italic;"&gt;How does Austin know that government “in principle” can solve these  problems without a model of government decision making?  He can’t.   Moreover, it turns out that many of the factors alleged to cause “market  failure” also contribute to “government failure.” In fact, in the  political sphere their impact is much worse. Here is the bottom line:  There is no model of government decision making in health care (and in  most other areas as well) that shows that government will reliably  improve upon the market. (At least a real market.)"&lt;/p&gt;Curioso é que quase sempre que se fala em falhas de mercado comete-se a falácia do nirvana, onde o mundo imperfeito, porém real, é comparado a uma situação idealizada e utópica. O mundo imperfeito sempre perde feio na comparação.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/516006656868501941-1063302125552380412?l=escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/feeds/1063302125552380412/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=516006656868501941&amp;postID=1063302125552380412&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/1063302125552380412'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/516006656868501941/posts/default/1063302125552380412'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://escolhaseconsequencias.blogspot.com/2011/02/falhas-de-governo-e-saude-publica.html' title='Falhas de Governo e a Saúde Pública'/><author><name>Ronald Hillbrecht</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00792275877115792154</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>
